Banks/Dean Genealogy

John FitzGilbert (?)¹

M, #2641, b. circa 1106, d. b Michaelmas in 1165

Father*

John FitzGilbert (?)|b. c 1106\nd. b Michaelmas in 1165|p89.htm#i2641|Gilbert le Marshal|d. c 1130|p482.htm#i14433||||||||||||||||

Marriage*

Bride=Aline Pippard³

Birth*

circa 1106

Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales⁴

Divorce*

before 1141

Principal=Aline Pippard⁵

Marriage*

1141

Bride=Sybil de Salisbury^6,7,4

Death*

b Michaelmas in 1165

^4,5

Title*

Earl of Pembroke¹

DNB*

Marshal, John (d. 1165), marshal, son of Gilbert, marshal of Henry I, first appears in records when, with his father, he successfully defended the family's right to the marshalcy against rivals at some time in Henry I's reign. This plea occurred before 1130, as John was recorded in that year's pipe roll as paying for succession to his father's lands and office. He features by name as master marshal in the Constitutio domus regis, drawn up for Stephen in the early part of his reign, and he seems to have joined King Stephen soon after Henry I's death. He appears constantly in the king's charters between 1136 and 1138, and accompanied the king on his Norman tour of 1137. But there is no trace of him in Stephen's charters after the outbreak of rebellion in the west country. The annals of Winchester say that in 1138 he garrisoned the Wiltshire castles of Marlborough and Ludgershall, which he appears to have had at farm or in fee from Stephen. The king certainly came to regard him as a rebel, because John of Worcester notes that Stephen was conducting a siege of Marlborough when disturbed in September 1139 by news that the empress and Robert of Gloucester had landed in Sussex. In March 1140 a rogue mercenary, Robert fitz Hubert, was captured by John Marshal. The Gesta Stephani says that John Marshal was at this time a member of Gloucester's party, while John of Worcester believed that he was a supporter of the king. It may well be, then, that it was in his own interest that John was working, beginning to define a sphere of lordship in north Wiltshire and the Kennet valley.

After the capture of Stephen at Lincoln in February 1141, John appears unequivocally in the empress's following, at Oxford in July and at the siege of Winchester in August and September. He seems to have been that John ‘supporter of the empress’ who, according to the continuator of John of Worcester's chronicle, was detached with a force to prevent the relief of Winchester. He was trapped at Wherwell Abbey which was set on fire around him. The verse biography of his son says that this incident cost him an eye, but is otherwise unreliable on the details. He remained firmly committed to the empress's cause after 1141; his brother, William Giffard, became the empress's chancellor. But his chief preoccupation seems to have been the extension of his power in Berkshire, where the abbey of Abingdon recorded him as one of its chief oppressors, and in Wiltshire, where he came into conflict with Patrick of Salisbury. In 1141 John acted with Patrick's elder brother, William of Salisbury, in the keeping of Wiltshire, but he had fallen out with the Salisbury family by 1145. The Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal preserves a number of stories deriving from this period of private warfare in Wiltshire between two Angevin supporters. However, it cannot disguise John Marshal's ultimate defeat, and the fact that he was forced to come to an agreement with Earl Patrick by which he divorced his first wife, Adelina (who later married an Oxfordshire landowner, Stephen Gay), and married the earl's sister, Sybil. John continued to support the Angevin party, appearing with Henry fitz Empress at Devizes in 1147 or 1149.

In 1152 it was the siege of John's forward post of Newbury in Berkshire that provoked the final crisis of Stephen's reign. Under pretext of negotiation, the Marshal (who was not in the castle) surrendered his son William to the king as hostage, but then abused the truce by running provisions and men into Newbury. When informed by the king's messenger that his son's death would follow from this, he is credited with the remark that he still had the hammers and anvil to make more and better sons. As it happened the humane king refused to execute William, and held him at court until the general peace was made the next year.

John Marshal remained prominent at Henry II's court in the first year or so of the new king's reign and was allowed to keep most of his gains from Stephen's reign, but it seems that he lost Ludgershall Castle. It probably reflects the general decline in his fortunes that he lost Marlborough Castle in 1158. In 1163 John Marshal was in disgrace; he had indiscreetly disclosed his belief that one of the prophecies of Merlin referred to Henry II and that the king would die before he could return to England. In 1164 John was involved in the persecution of Becket. He had been deprived of the manor of South Mundham in 1162, when the archbishop reclaimed all lands held of him at fee farm. When his suit to regain the manor failed in the archiepiscopal court, he appealed to the king, alleging unfair treatment. Henry II heard the case at the Council of Northampton in October 1164, and although John's case failed, grounds were found to turn the plea against Becket. John Marshal died in 1165, some time before Michaelmas. He was succeeded initially by his eldest sons, Gilbert and John, but the former died before Michaelmas 1166, leaving the entire estate and office of marshal to John, who was succeeded in turn (after 1194) by his younger brother William Marshal, later earl of Pembroke.

David Crouch
Sources

P. Meyer, ed., L'histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal, 3 vols. (Paris, 1891–1901) · Florentii Wigorniensis monachi chronicon ex chronicis, ed. B. Thorpe, 2 vols., EHS, 10 (1848–9) · K. R. Potter and R. H. C. Davis, eds., Gesta Stephani, OMT (1976) · J. Stevenson, ed., Chronicon monasterii de Abingdon, 2 vols., Rolls Series, 2 (1858) · J. C. Robertson and J. B. Sheppard, eds., Materials for the history of Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, 7 vols., Rolls Series, 67 (1875–85) · Ann. mon. · Radulfi de Diceto … opera historica, ed. W. Stubbs, 2 vols., Rolls Series, 68 (1876) · S. Painter, William Marshal (1933) · D. Crouch, William Marshal (1990) · M. Cheney, ‘The litigation between John Marshal and Archbishop Thomas Becket in 1164’, Law and social change in British history [Bristol 1981], ed. J. A. Guy and H. G. Beall, Royal Historical Society Studies in History, 40 (1984), 9–26 · Pipe rolls
© Oxford University Press 2004–5
All rights reserved: see legal notice Oxford University Press

David Crouch, ‘Marshal, John (d. 1165)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18122, accessed 23 Sept 2005]

John Marshal (d. 1165): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18122⁸

Name Variation

John le Marshal³

Name Variation

John the Marshal⁶

Event-Misc*

1130

He was with Henry I in Normandy⁵

Event-Misc

1137

He was with King Stephen in Normandy⁵

Event-Misc

1138

He fortified the castles of Marlborough and Ludgershall⁵

Event-Misc

1140

He captured Robert FitzHubert, who had taken the royal castle of Devizes⁵

Event-Misc

May 1141

He joined the Empress Maud against King Stephen⁵

Event-Misc

September 1141

He was cut off and surrounded in Wherwell Abbey, but escaped with the loss of an eye and other wounds⁵

Event-Misc

1144

"He used his base at Marlborough to raid the surrounding countryside and oppress the clergy"⁵

Event-Misc

1158

Following Henry's succession, he was given lands in Wiltshire, but had to surrender the Castle of Marlborough⁵

Event-Misc

1164

He sued Thomas Becket for part of his manor of Pagham, Sussex⁵

Family 1

Aline Pippard

Child

Gilbert FitzJohn⁵ d. b Michaelmas 1166

Family 2

Sybil de Salisbury b. c 1120

Children

Margaret Marshal+^6,4 d. a 1243
John FitzJohn⁴ b. c 1144, d. 1194
Sir William Marshal+^6,4 b. 1146, d. 14 May 1219

Last Edited

23 Sep 2005

Citations

[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 55-28.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 66-27.
[S344] Douglas Richardson, Aline Basset in "Hugh le Despenser," listserve message 14 Apr 2005.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 147.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 81-28.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 66-27.
[S376] Unknown editor, unknown short title.

Sybil de Salisbury¹

F, #2642, b. circa 1120

Father*

Walter of Salisbury^1,2 b. c 1087, d. 1147

Mother*

Sibilla de Chaworth² b. c 1082, d. b 1147

Sybil de Salisbury|b. c 1120|p89.htm#i2642|Walter of Salisbury|b. c 1087\nd. 1147|p89.htm#i2643|Sibilla de Chaworth|b. c 1082\nd. b 1147|p135.htm#i4044|Edward of Salisbury|b. b 1060\nd. 1119|p135.htm#i4045|Matilda d' Evereux||p135.htm#i4046|Patrick de Chaworth|b. c 1052|p135.htm#i4047|Maud de Hesding||p135.htm#i4048|

Birth*

circa 1120

Marriage*

1141

2nd=John FitzGilbert (?)^1,3,2

Family

John FitzGilbert (?) b. c 1106, d. b Michaelmas in 1165

Children

Margaret Marshal+² d. a 1243
Margaret Marshal+¹ d. a 1243
John FitzJohn² b. c 1144, d. 1194
Sir William Marshal+^1,2 b. 1146, d. 14 May 1219

Last Edited

24 Oct 2003

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 81-28.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 66-27.

Walter of Salisbury¹

M, #2643, b. circa 1087, d. 1147

Father*

Edward of Salisbury² b. b 1060, d. 1119

Mother*

Matilda d' Evereux²

Walter of Salisbury|b. c 1087\nd. 1147|p89.htm#i2643|Edward of Salisbury|b. b 1060\nd. 1119|p135.htm#i4045|Matilda d' Evereux||p135.htm#i4046|Walter d' Evereux|b. s 1034|p148.htm#i4435|Philippa d' Evereux||p140.htm#i4185|||||||

Birth*

circa 1087

Salisbury, Wiltshire, England²

Marriage*

Principal=Sibilla de Chaworth^2,3

Death*

1147

Chitterne, Wiltshire, England^4,2

Burial*

Bradenstock Priory⁵

Note

He was the hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire and Constable of the Salisbury Castle⁵

Residence*

Chitterne, Wiltshire, England⁴

Name Variation

Walter de Evereux²

Name Variation

Walter FitzEdward³

Event-Misc

September 1131

He was present at The Council of Northampton⁵

Event-Misc

Easter 1136

Westminster, He was with King Stephen⁵

Event-Misc*

before 1147

Bradenstock, He took the habit of a canon⁵

Note*

Founder of Bradenstock Priory⁴

Family

Sibilla de Chaworth b. c 1082, d. b 1147

Children

William of Salisbury⁵
Walter of Salisbury⁶
Hawise Devereux+² b. c 1118, d. 1152
Patrick d' Evereux+^2,3 b. b 1120, d. 27 Mar 1168
Sybil de Salisbury+^1,2 b. c 1120

Last Edited

27 May 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 81-28.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 108-26.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 66-27.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 78.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 79.

Sir William Marshal¹

M, #2644, b. 1146, d. 14 May 1219

Father*

John FitzGilbert (?)^1,2 b. c 1106, d. b Michaelmas in 1165

Mother*

Sybil de Salisbury^1,2 b. c 1120

Sir William Marshal|b. 1146\nd. 14 May 1219|p89.htm#i2644|John FitzGilbert (?)|b. c 1106\nd. b Michaelmas in 1165|p89.htm#i2641|Sybil de Salisbury|b. c 1120|p89.htm#i2642|Gilbert le Marshal|d. c 1130|p482.htm#i14433||||Walter of Salisbury|b. c 1087\nd. 1147|p89.htm#i2643|Sibilla de Chaworth|b. c 1082\nd. b 1147|p135.htm#i4044|

Birth*

1146

^3,2,4

Marriage*

August 1189

London, Middlesex, England, Principal=Isabel de Clare^3,4,5

Death*

14 May 1219

Caversham, England^3,2,4

Burial*

Temple Church, London, Middlesex, England^3,2,4

Note*

"He was described as tall and well built, with finely shaped limbs, a handsome face, and brown hair, a model of chivalry in his youger days, and of unswerving loyalty in his maturity and old age."⁶

DNB*

Marshal, William (I) [called the Marshal], fourth earl of Pembroke (c.1146-1219), soldier and administrator, was the son of John Marshal (d. 1165) and Sybil (fl. c.1146–c.1156), daughter of Walter of Salisbury. He is one of the few medieval laymen to be the subject of a biography, L'histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal. The biography (here referred to as the History) is in fact an extended poem of over 19,000 lines in rhyming couplets. It was commissioned by William (II) Marshal, the eldest son of the Marshal, and the old Marshal's executor, John (II) of Earley. It is believed that it was written by an expatriate Tourangeau layman, called John, probably in the southern march of Wales at some time in the years 1225–6, before August of the latter year. The writer worked from the memoirs of those who had been witnesses of the Marshal's life, from the recollections of those to whom the Marshal had told stories of his early days, and also from documents in the Marshal family archive. The biography is naturally the principal source for much of what follows here.
Upbringing and education, c.1146–1166
William was born the fourth son of John Marshal, the second son by his second wife, whom John had married c.1145 in order to conciliate Patrick, earl of Salisbury, with whom he was engaged in a local war in Wiltshire. The evidence of the History indicates that William was born late in 1146 or early in 1147. In 1152, at the age of five or six, William was offered as hostage by his father, who needed a pledge for a truce with King Stephen, who was blockading John's new castle at Newbury, and who expected the truce to be used to negotiate its surrender. John Marshal, reckless of his son's life, used the truce to provision the castle instead. When challenged that his son would die as a result, he is said to have uttered the notorious response that he did not care about the child, since he still had the anvils and hammers to produce even finer ones. The king made several attempts to convince the indifferent garrison that he would execute the boy, but did not in the end permit it. William seems to have remained at court, more as the king's ward than a captive, until perhaps as late as the settlement of November 1153. He next appears as assenting, with his elder brothers, to his father's grant of the manor of Nettlecombe to Hugh de Ralegh in 1156.

It must have been two or three years after this that William was fostered into the household of William de Tancarville, chamberlain of Normandy, who was his mother's cousin. He remained as a squire in the chamberlain's household in Normandy until 1166. Little is known of his training or adolescence, although it is clear from later evidence that he was not put to learn his letters. The only story surviving of this period in his life is that his nickname at Tancarville was Gaste-viande (the Glutton), it being said that when there was nothing to eat, he slept, although the chamberlain predicted great things for him none the less.
The household knight, 1166–1182
In 1166, just after his father's death, William was knighted, when he was twenty or thereabouts. His father's testament left him no share of the family lands, which ultimately came to his elder full brother, John Marshal (d. 1194). The chronology of the History is confused at this point, but it seems that after his knighting he became involved in a brief frontier war between Henry II and the counts of Flanders, Ponthieu, and Boulogne, which led to an invasion of the Pays de Caux. The Tancarville household was in garrison at the castle of Neufchâtel-en-Bray, and William found himself in the rare position for a medieval knight of commencing his career in a pitched battle. Apart from a rebuke from his master for being too forward in action: ‘Get back, William, don't be such a hothead, let the knights through!’ (History, ll. 872–4), he distinguished himself in the skirmish. Unfortunately he lost his horse in the cut and thrust of a street fight in the suburbs of Neufchâtel, and failed to take advantage of the opportunity to seize the ransoms that would have retrieved the situation. This was ironically pointed out to him by the earl of Essex, who, at the victory banquet, asked him loudly for various items of saddlery and harness, which he could not produce—but of which he could have had his pick, had he fought professionally, rather than boyishly, in the manner of a knight of the romance.

William was confronted immediately after the battle by the problem of the obvious reluctance of William de Tancarville to offer him further maintenance in his household, forcing him to sell his clothes in order to buy a horse to ride. The chamberlain gave him a reprieve when he decided to lead his household to a tournament in Maine, and it was at this point that William Marshal (as he was known long before he inherited the office of royal marshal on his brother's death in 1194—for William and his other brothers Marshal was a surname rather than, or as well as, an occupational title) found his true calling. By the account of the History, the Marshal distinguished himself by capturing a prominent courtier of the king of Scots among others. With the proceeds of his success and the permission of William de Tancarville he threw himself into the tournament circuit for over a year. Late in 1167 or early in 1168 he amicably severed his connection with Tancarville, crossed to England, and took service with his uncle, Earl Patrick of Salisbury. He accompanied the earl to Poitou, where Patrick was given responsibility for the province jointly with Queen Eleanor. William was present at the earl's assassination by a member of the Lusignan family early in April 1168, and was himself cornered by Lusignan soldiers against a hedge, wounded in the thigh by a slash from behind, and captured. He had to undergo a period of uncomfortable captivity, ill from his wound and half-starved by his uncourtly captors. He was eventually released when Queen Eleanor paid his ransom, following which she took him into her retinue.

In 1170, following the coronation of Henry, the Young King, in June, William Marshal was transferred into the boy's household to act as his tutor in arms. He was rapidly established as a favourite and infected the boy with his own love of the tournament. He was given responsibility for the organization of the Young King's retinue, and would seem indeed to have acted as his marshal (History gives a wealth of detail about his life on the tournament circuit in the twelfth century, and is indeed the best source for the early history of the tournament). William Marshal is named by Hoveden as one of those who joined the rebellion of the Young King against his father in April 1173. The History asserts that his hero knighted the Young King in the early days of the campaign, but there is some confusion here, for it is known that Henry II himself delivered arms to his son immediately before the boy's coronation in 1170. But the Marshal was certainly with the Young King throughout the period of the rebellion. He was still at his lord's side in October 1174, when he attested the agreement between Henry II and his sons. His attendance on the Young King was constant until 1182.

The result of this relationship, together with the rewards of the tournament circuit, was that the Marshal obtained sufficient wealth to maintain his own household knights, and had the resources to raise his own banner at the great tournament of Lagny-sur-Marne in 1180. However, success bred enemies in the Young King's court, and a cabal of William's colleagues succeeded in opening up a gulf between Henry and the Marshal. The principal accusation against him seems to have been that he showed contempt for the Young King in promoting his own interests on the tourney field. A further accusation against him of adultery with Queen Margaret, the younger Henry's wife, would seem to have had little foundation other than in subsequent unsavoury gossip. The two men parted company late in 1182, and an attempt by the Marshal to get redress against his accuser before the Old King at Caen at Christmas 1182 was dismissed. Following this the Marshal went into exile, first making a pilgrimage to the relics of the ‘three holy kings’ in Cologne, and later (apparently) taking service with the count of Flanders, from whom he accepted a large money fee in the city of St Omer.
Courtier and magnate, 1183–1189
Increasing difficulties between the Young King and his father in Poitou seem to have persuaded the younger king to take the Marshal back into his service at some time after February 1183, when he began to feel let down by his household. However, the Marshal returned only to witness the last illness and death of his young master (on 11 June near Limoges). The Marshal was at the deathbed and was charged near the end to take the Young King's cloak to Jerusalem to fulfil the vow the king had taken to go to the Holy Land. There were some initial difficulties in accomplishing this. He was seized as security for the payment of their wages by a company of the Young King's mercenaries, and only obtained release with difficulty. After attending the younger Henry's corpse on its troubled journey to burial at Rouen, the Marshal received the permission of Henry II to discharge the obligation laid upon him, and with some financial support from the Old King departed for Jerusalem, after taking leave of his own family in England.

William Marshal was in the kingdom of Jerusalem from early 1184 for nearly two years. On his return to Normandy (probably by March 1186) he was received into the royal household. He began to accumulate some of the rewards that went with office. He had a grant of the wardship of the lordship and heir of William of Lancaster soon after his return, and of the royal estate of Cartmel, before July 1188. The Marshal served with distinction in the campaigns against Philip Augustus of France late in 1188, and played a leading part in the last months of the reign of Henry II, as one of the commanders of the royal household guard. He was nowhere more prominent than in the escape of the Old King from Le Mans on 12 June 1189, and was in command of the party that acted as rearguard in the king's flight to Angers. In the course of the action he encountered Richard, the king's son, who was leading the pursuit. Richard was alone and unsupported, having ridden lightly armed ahead of his troops. He is said to have begged the Marshal to spare him, as to kill him would be dishonourable. The Marshal shouted, ‘Indeed I won't, let the Devil kill you, I shall not be the one to do it’, and shifted his lance to kill Richard's horse beneath him (History, ll. 8837–49). After this escape, and a fortnight in garrison at Alençon, the Marshal was recalled to the king in time to witness the conference at Azay and the king's death at Chinon on 6 July 1189. During 1188–9 he was offered marriage first to the heiress of Châteauroux (Berry) and then to the heiress of the honour of Striguil in return for giving up the wardship of the Lancaster lands. He is represented as remonstrating with the seneschal of Anjou that he should open the treasury to give alms to the poor, and as taking responsibility for properly arraying the dead king and escorting him to burial at Fontevrault, but the role the History assigns him may have been retrospectively prominent.

None the less, there is no doubt that the heir to the throne, Count Richard of Poitou, was determined to bring William Marshal forward in public affairs on his accession, despite their encounter on the retreat from Le Mans some weeks earlier. The Marshal was confirmed in his possession of Striguil (Chepstow), the honour of the late earl Richard de Clare (Strongbow) (d. 1176) in England and Wales. He married Clare's daughter, Isabel de Clare (1171x6-1220), probably in August following his arrival in London late in July 1189, on what appears to have been a confidential mission to Queen Eleanor, Richard's mother, then at Winchester. In addition to Striguil, by right of his wife the Marshal received half of the Giffard honour of Longueville in Normandy and some Giffard manors (including Caversham) in England. He shared the Giffard lands with the earl of Hertford, who also had a claim to the Giffard inheritance. As well as this, the Marshal's wife brought a claim to the lordship of Leinster, conquered by her father in 1170–71. To consolidate his power in the southern march William Marshal was granted the shrievalty of Gloucester and the keeping of the Forest of Dean.
In the service of Richard I, 1189–1199
The Marshal was in constant attendance on the new king from the time of Richard's coronation (in which he carried the sceptre) on 13 September 1189, to his departure on crusade in July 1190. His elder brother, John Marshal, shared in his success, having grants of office and lands. Henry Marshal, a younger brother, was given the deanery of York. So prominent did the Marshal group now appear at court that there is evidence of hostility to it in the actions of Geoffrey Plantagenet, the archbishop of York, and William de Longchamp, the chancellor. The latter acted in the spring of 1190 to remove the shrievalty of York from John (II) Marshal for alleged incompetence, and at the same time moved unsuccessfully to blockade the Marshal's castle of Gloucester, for unknown reasons. William Marshal's star continued to rise, however, for he was made one of the four men appointed by King Richard to monitor William de Longchamp's conduct as justiciar. In October 1191 the Marshal and his fellows co-operated with Count John, the king's brother, in his campaign to remove Longchamp from power, and the Marshal supported the substitution of Walter de Coutances, archbishop of Rouen, as the new justiciar. There was a period of stability when power was balanced between Count John and the justiciars, but that ended in December 1192, when news reached England of King Richard's capture and imprisonment in Germany. The Marshal and his fellows were forced into reluctant confrontation with the count in March 1193. John finally withdrew from England in the summer, and in February 1194, with the king's return imminent, the justiciars acted to confiscate the count's lands in England.

In March 1194 the king returned, and at the same time John Marshal died at Marlborough without a legitimate heir (perhaps resisting the justiciars at Marlborough in John's interests, for he was the count's sometime seneschal). This brought William Marshal the family inheritance and completed his landed power base in the west country and southern march. Without waiting to attend his brother's funeral the Marshal joined the royal household on its way to confront John's loyalists at Nottingham, and he played a part in the successful siege of the castle there. However, relations between the Marshal and King Richard were not entirely even. The Marshal refused to do homage to the king for his lands in Ireland, saying that Count John was still his overlord for Leinster. Although the king accepted his reasons, at least one onlooker (William de Longchamp) was brave enough to voice the conclusion that the Marshal was keeping his bridges open to John, as the heir presumptive, saying: ‘Here you are planting vines!’ (History, ll. 10312–26). The Marshal carried a sword of state at King Richard's solemn crown-wearing at Winchester on 17 April 1194.

Thereafter William Marshal was closely engaged with the royal court until the very end of the reign, spending much of the period between 1194 and 1199 campaigning in Normandy and elsewhere in northern France. However, he had other tasks. In the early summer of 1197 he was entrusted with negotiations for an alliance between King Richard and the counts of Flanders and Boulogne. In August 1197 he returned to Flanders with Count Baldwin (his lord for a fee in St Omer) and apparently played a prominent part in the action outside Arras in which King Philip was trapped and forced to surrender on terms. He remained very much a military man, and the History has much to say of his campaigns and achievements at this time. For instance, it recalls the active part he played in the taking of the castle of Milly-sur-Thérain, near Beauvais, in 1198, when he climbed a scaling-ladder and defended a section of wall: at that time he was over fifty years of age, but age was not enough to stop him flattening the constable of Milly as he met him on the wall walk. But he did need to sit down on the man's unconscious body, to catch his breath.
The Marshal and King John, 1199–1203
While King Richard was dying on 6 April 1199 the Marshal was at Vaudreuil, acting as a ducal justice. There he heard the news of the king's danger, receiving a writ directing him to take charge of the tower of Rouen and secure the city. He heard of the king's death three days later while on the point of going to bed. He crossed the city in the night to discuss the succession with Archbishop Hubert Walter. He declared himself a supporter of Count John for the succession, rather than the king's nephew, Arthur of Brittany, ‘since the son is indisputably closer in the line of inheritance than the nephew is’. Despite the archbishop's warning, ‘that you will never come to regret anything you did as much as what you're doing now’ (History, ll. 11900–6), the Marshal was sent to England with the archbishop to bring his fellow magnates to support John. He then returned to Normandy and joined John's household as it prepared to make the crossing. Immediately before John's coronation (27 May 1199) the Marshal's loyalty was rewarded by investiture as earl of Pembroke. Along with investiture went a promise of Pembrokeshire itself, which the Marshal's late father-in-law had lost to the king in 1154, and which the king still withheld. He had secured the marcher lordship from which he took his title by 1201. It is clear that the Marshal visited the march himself to claim Pembroke late in 1200 or early in 1201. There is strong evidence that, while in west Wales, the Marshal made the crossing to Ireland to visit Leinster and take the homage of his men there, leaving his knight, Geoffrey fitz Robert, behind him as seneschal. He also received once more the shrievalty of Gloucester (lost in 1194) and the keeping of Gloucester and Bristol castles, thus consolidating his power in the south-west of England. He secured for his bastard nephew, John Marshal, son of the late John Marshal (d. 1194), the barony of Hockering in Norfolk, and the lordship of Ryes in Normandy.

William Marshal maintained the place at the royal court he had held under Richard in John's first years, and certainly found little cause at this time to regret his choice in 1199, whatever the archbishop is alleged to have warned. He had reached a peak of personal influence and power by 1201, being very close to the new king's counsels. But his career slowly became tainted by the king's failure to maintain his position in northern France. The Marshal had been detailed from 1201 onwards to protect Upper Normandy, but his efforts were increasingly compromised by the king's political misjudgements. At the end of 1203 the Marshal led an unsuccessful attempt to relieve the garrison of the border castle of Château Gaillard, when his energy was defeated by a failure of river-borne and land forces to link up, and his force was decisively defeated by the French commander, Guillaume des Barres. In December 1203 the Marshal accompanied the king on his departure from Normandy for England, after which the duchy fell rapidly to the French invaders.
Problems of allegiance, 1203–1206
The loss of Normandy was a serious matter for William Marshal. It had been the theatre for many of his greatest achievements over the past thirty years, and he plainly loved the place. King Philip's conquest of the duchy involved William in serious losses of land, which he was not prepared to let go without more of a struggle than the king was making. When King John sent him and the earl of Leicester to negotiate with the French king in May 1204, the Marshal took the opportunity to open private negotiations about his continued possession of his Norman lands. He and the earl of Leicester paid for a year's grace before they met King Philip's condition of homage for the continued enjoyment of their Norman lands. King John seems to have understood the Marshal's predicament, and was willing to be as obliging as he could to his old ally. In the summer of 1204 he allowed the Marshal to get away with some sharp practice over the Dorset lands of the count of Meulan, which he claimed. He also allowed the Marshal to seek compensation in the southern march of Wales. He granted the Marshal the lordship of Castle Goodrich, and licensed, and perhaps even funded, the Marshal's campaign to recover Cilgerran in Ceredigion from the princes of Deheubarth, which he achieved in December 1204.

In spring 1205, however, Normandy was still on the Marshal's mind, and he took advantage of another embassy to do homage to King Philip. From the evidence of the History, King John seems to have been sympathetic to the Marshal's wish to do homage, but was less than pleased when he heard that Philip had prevailed on the Marshal to do liege homage for his Norman lands, obliging the Marshal to do military service to him when in France. This led to a public rift between King John and the Marshal on his return to the English court, for the Marshal refused to accompany him to campaign in Poitou. The king accused him of treason and demanded that the magnates present pass judgment on him, but, remarkably, they refused, perhaps impressed by the Marshal's harangue that they ‘Be on alert against the king: what he thinks to do with me, he will do to each and every one of you, or even more, if he gets the upper hand over you’ (History, ll. 13171–4). The king then attempted to get one of his household knights to challenge the Marshal, but (despite the Marshal's being now nearly sixty) they all refused. None the less, despite this narrow escape, the Marshal had misjudged the situation, and King John decided that he had gone as far as he wished to go in helping the earl of Pembroke recover his losses. The king as a consequence demanded the Marshal's eldest son as a hostage for his faith, and the flood of favours to the earl dried to a trickle. The Marshal was still at court and in November was detailed with other earls to escort King William of Scots from the border south to York. He remained at court nearly until John's departure to Poitou in June 1206, but did not return when the king came back to England in September.
In the political wilderness, 1206–1213
From 1206 to 1213 the Marshal spent a biblical seven years in the political wilderness. This would seem to have been (initially) a matter of his own choice, rather than the result of the king's expelling him from court. The king was still well disposed enough towards the Marshal to repay a debt incurred before his departure on campaign. He was even prepared to humour for a while the Marshal's request that he be allowed to cross the sea to his Irish estates, and licences to depart were issued both to him and his principal followers in February 1207. However, he had second thoughts about having a man of the Marshal's prestige trampling about in the lordship of Ireland, which the king seems to have regarded as his own private garden. Messages were sent to the Marshal asking him to hand over his second son, Richard, as hostage for his good behaviour, and also intimating that the king would rather he did not go. But the Marshal was by now determined, and, despite the king's hints, sailed to Ireland with his wife and military household. The king immediately retaliated by relieving the Marshal of his responsibilities in Gloucestershire and the Forest of Dean. The fortress of Cardigan was also taken from him and given to a royal warden.

The Marshal was almost immediately drawn into conflict with King John's justiciar, Meiler Fitz Henry, a veteran of the old days of conquest in the 1170s and a willing tool in the king's hand to reduce marcher influence in Ireland. William had already sent his nephew, John Marshal, ahead of him in 1204 to try to assert his interests in Leinster against Meiler, who had laid claim to the region of Offaly. Now he took up the struggle himself. The Marshal would seem to have been the motivating power behind a party of Meiler's enemies, calling itself ‘the barons of Leinster and Meath’, who petitioned the king that Offaly be restored to the lord of Leinster. This the king refused, and demonstrated that he had been told by Meiler who was to blame by promptly recalling the Marshal to England. About 29 September 1207 the Marshal returned to meet the king with only a small escort, leaving his interests in Leinster in the hands of his wife and his household knights. He seems to have expected the worst when he left, and was not disappointed. In the meantime a meeting with the king, Meiler, and a number of Irish barons at Woodstock in October 1207 went singularly badly for the Marshal: many of his former supporters promptly defected to the king with little pressure.

Meiler's kinsmen and followers, and a number of the Marshal's own tenants in Leinster, began a military campaign against him in his absence. This was reinforced in January 1208 by Meiler himself, whom the king sent off to Ireland armed with letters of recall to the Marshal's men. Fortunately for the Marshal his military household was up to the challenge, and happy to defy the king. His party negotiated for support with the Lacy family; between them Meiler's men and the rebel knights of Leinster were crushed, and Meiler himself was captured. The countess, William's wife, was more or less left in control of Ireland. Recognizing the inevitable, the king came to terms with the Marshal and restored Leinster to him on new terms, but returned Offaly. Meiler himself was offered as sacrifice to the Marshal, and was in the end disinherited. But the Marshal was certainly no longer required at court, and was allowed (and maybe even encouraged) to leave for Ireland once more. His two elder sons remained hostage in England for his behaviour.

The Marshal lived in Ireland in isolation from his former habitat of the court for several years, and amused himself in a reorganization of his lordship there and in some campaigning against the native Irish. He included in his hostilities the native Irish bishop of Ferns, a Cistercian called Ailbe Ó Máelmuaid, who was a friend and intimate of King John from the days when the latter had been count of Mortain. Bishop Ailbe was doubtless persecuted because he had been an ally of Meiler Fitz Henry. The treatment of the bishop of Ferns brought the Marshal under the church's ban by 1216. The only occasion on which the Marshal came into direct contact with the king in his six years' exile from court was in 1210, when he came under suspicion for sheltering the king's enemy, William (III) de Briouze. Briouze had taken refuge in Ireland after falling into disgrace at court, and was briefly entertained by the Marshal in Leinster, before being passed on to his relatives, the Lacy family. The Marshal protested his innocence, crossing over to Pembroke to appear before the king, who was preparing an expedition against the Lacys. He escaped with only a few harsh words and the loss of the fortress of Dunamase, and was sent back across the Irish Sea.
Pillar of the throne, 1213–1216
In August 1212 a thaw in relations between the Marshal and the king began, when the Marshal made ostentatious demonstrations of loyalty in Ireland while John was under threat of a baronial conspiracy. The king had perhaps originally suspected the Marshal's involvement, for he had placed his fleet on alert against threats coming from the Marshal's lands, but the king was eventually reassured. The Marshal's elder sons were released into the custody of his friends. Eventually, in May 1213, the Marshal was recalled to the court, where his renowned loyalty was suddenly in demand once more. He was restored to his former position of dominance in south Wales: Cardigan was returned, and the lordships of Carmarthen, Gower, and Haverford added to his responsibilities. He was left virtually justiciar of the march.

Following the disaster of Bouvines in 1214 the Marshal was more than ever in demand as mainstay for the royalist cause against the emerging rebel baronial party. The Marshal was chief lay negotiator for the king at London in January and at Oxford in February 1215. When war came despite his efforts, he was sent off to secure the march against the rebels who had allied there with Prince Llywelyn of Gwynedd. Following the king's defeat William Marshal resumed his role of middle man in negotiations with the barons. He may have been assisted—rather than hindered—in this by the defection of his eldest son, William (II) Marshal, to the baronial party at some time in May or June 1215. Far from being a blow to the Marshal, this may have been a deliberate move of father and son (who were devoted to each other) to make sure they had a foot in whichever camp ultimately won; the Worcester annals provide evidence that there was some contemporary suspicion of their motives. This was the sort of game the elder Marshal had already played with his elder brother, John, in 1190–94. For John Marshal had been close to the then Count John, while the Marshal had favoured King Richard.

When the crisis came in July 1215 and open war broke out, the Marshal was once again sent off to secure the march and contain the Welsh. Here he stayed while London and the south-east of England fell to the baronial insurgents and Louis of France, in spring 1216. The king's sudden death in October 1216 somewhat retrieved the situation for the loyalist party, and led to the Marshal's greatest political challenge. The Marshal was appointed by King John's last testament as one of a council of thirteen executors to assist the king's sons in the recovery of their inheritance. The assertion by the History that the Marshal was appointed by the king as protector and regent for his son on his deathbed is patently incorrect. However, the Marshal's subsequent actions excuse the mistake. He did indeed start to act the part of regent. He took responsibility for the staging of John's funeral at Worcester Cathedral; convened a council at Gloucester for early November to ratify the arrangements for a protectorship; and took responsibility for the boy king, Henry III, who was brought to Gloucester from Devizes. The only potential rival for the position of loyalist leader was Ranulf (III), earl of Chester, and when Ranulf arrived at Gloucester he made it perfectly clear that he would rather that the Marshal took the lead at that time. The evidence of papal correspondence shows that Earl Ranulf later changed his mind, and was agitating for the Marshal to accept him as coadjutor-regent in the weeks before the battle of Lincoln sanctified the Marshal's rule.
Guardian of England, 1216–1219
The Marshal and his royal charge left for Tewkesbury on 2 or 3 November 1216, and thence to another great council at Bristol. At this point his title was decided as ‘guardian [rector] of the king and the kingdom’, a title he first used on 12 November. All royal acts were carried out in his name, and his own seal affixed to chancery writs. He associated with himself the papal legate, Cardinal Guala Bicchieri, who lent his rule not just moral authority, but some legitimacy, England being a papal fief at this time. The Marshal presided over a political stalemate in England until May 1217, but he had the satisfaction of seeing a growing number of barons returning to their allegiance, including his own son, William (II) Marshal, who rejoined him in February. In May 1217 the Marshal led the loyalist column that took first Mountsorrel Castle, Leicestershire, and then moved on to relieve the siege of Lincoln Castle. On 20 May 1217 the Marshal took the field in person, first haranguing his small force and then leading it to the attack against the rebel force at Lincoln, which was commanded by his own first cousin, the count of Perche. He rode into battle with his son, leading the main royalist column that forced an entry into the city through its north gate, while an outflanking force distracted the Anglo-French force by reinforcing the loyalists in the castle. So keen for battle was he that as he was beginning to move his column a page noticed and reminded him that he had not put his helm on. The Marshal (aged about seventy-two) engaged in personal combat in the streets of Lincoln, still able to use his weight and skill as a horseman to force himself deep into the enemy ranks. In the fighting under the west towers of the cathedral he was able to knock from his horse with a sword-stroke Robert of Ropsley, a rebel, who had himself just unseated the earl of Salisbury. There the Marshal witnessed with regret the killing of the count of Perche by a sword splintering through the eyehole of his helm. He supervised the rounding-up of the defeated rebels, and then concentrated his armies on the south-east.

It now became the Marshal's chief concern to get Louis of France out of the country with as much decency and haste as possible. The naval defeat of the relieving French force off Sandwich in August proved conclusive. Louis was persuaded to leave London and return to France in return for a general amnesty and an indemnity of 10,000 marks. In later days the Marshal was much condemned for these easy terms, when the French invaders were apparently at the mercy of the loyalists. Maybe the personal embarrassment of having his liege lord's son at his mercy played its part in his policy, but equally well he may have calculated that England needed peace at this time more than anything else.

William Marshal held power for nineteen months after the departure of Louis from England. His regime had some successes: the exchequer was re-established and the machinery of the eyre set in motion again. Peace returned to the marches of Wales and an accommodation was reached with Prince Llywelyn of Gwynedd at Worcester in March 1218. The Marshal took full advantage of his opportunities for patronage by furthering his men's interests, most particularly those of his eldest son, who was heavily subsidized out of royal revenues. Mortality caught up with him in January 1219, when he became suddenly ill at Westminster. The symptoms of his last illness suggest a bowel cancer, though this can only be a matter of inference. He was in bed until mid-February, but a remission allowed him to resume the business of government. On 7 March he rode to the Tower of London, but soon fell ill once more. Suspecting his death was upon him, he had himself rowed up the Thames to the former Giffard manor of Caversham in the modern county of Berkshire, opposite Reading, which had become one of his chief residences over the years. He reached his home after three days on the river, and there for a while he carried on in his role of regent; the king was brought to Reading with his tutor, the bishop of Winchester. At a council held in his sick-chamber on 8 and 9 April 1219 he relinquished power to the legate, snubbing the pretensions of Bishop Peter des Roches of Winchester.

The Marshal's biography dwells on the events at his deathbed with great detail. A testament was drawn up the day after the Marshal's resignation of power in his own household council, and although a text no longer exists its provisions can be reconstructed. His eldest son, William (II), received the earldom and the bulk of the lands in England, Wales, and Ireland. Richard, his second son, received the Norman lands and the Giffard manors in England. His third son, Gilbert, was a clerk. Walter, the fourth son, received his father's acquisitions: Goodrich Castle and several other English manors. The fifth son, Anselm, was left a large cash legacy, at his father's council's urging. There were other legacies to abbeys and chapter churches in his advocacy, and he left his body to be buried at the New Temple Church in London. He left as his executors David, abbot of Bristol, and his household bannerets, John of Earley and Henry fitz Gerold. The elder Marshal was over a month dying after that, and before the end he was received by the master of the Temple into his order. None the less he was earl of Pembroke to the end, distributing robes from his wardrobe to his household the day before his death, despite the suggestion of a household clerk that he sell them and distribute the cash in alms to the poor. He died in his crowded death-chamber at about midday on 14 May 1219, his head supported by his eldest son, and in possession of a plenary indulgence for his sins.

The Marshal's body was laid that afternoon in the chapel of Caversham manor, where it was presumably embalmed. The next day it was taken to Reading Abbey, and lay the night in a side chapel he had financed, in neighbourly fashion. On what must have been 16 May it was borne by wagon to Staines to meet an escort of earls and barons, who accompanied it to Westminster Abbey. At every halt a mass was said, and the funeral exequies were performed, probably on 18 or 19 May, at the New Temple, where the body was laid under a military effigy (one of the first of its type) in the nave. The effigy currently identified as the Marshal's (restored in the nineteenth century, and damaged by a German bomb in the Second World War) has been thought to be his since at least 1661, when the Dutch traveller Schellinks viewed and described it. The corpse did not rest entirely peacefully beneath it. Bishop Ailbe of Ferns (a sometime follower of Count John, later persecuted by the Marshal) caused a scandal by refusing to lift his excommunication from the dead Marshal when brought to the tomb by the king. His curse was said to be responsible for the poor state of the corpse when it was exhumed in the mid-thirteenth century to accommodate building alterations. It was also supposed to account for the extinction of the Marshal line in 1245.
The Marshal and the historians
The Marshal's immediate posthumous reputation was not as shining as the sponsors of the History had perhaps hoped to establish. Matthew Paris in the next political generation repeated views of him as a figure of some ambiguity, too easy on the French and too harsh to the church. The discovery of a text of the History by Paul Meyer in the sale of the Savile Library in 1861, and its subsequent edition and publication by him, has projected William Marshal into the foreground of modern interpretation of the medieval noble mentality. Modern interpreters have tended to find what they themselves expected. Meyer himself, and Sidney Painter, fulfilled the expectations of the Marshal's executors and saw him as the chivalric hero of his day: taking up the description of him attributed by the History to King Philip of France, ‘the best knight in all the world’. But the Marshal was only one of several contemporaries who were regarded in that light: Guillamme des Barres the elder, and Robert de Breteuil, earl of Leicester (d. 1204), were quite as prominent as warriors and statesmen. Georges Duby dispelled the mythology of the Marshal as a hero of chivalry, but went too far in stressing his physical, animal nature at the expense of his undoubted gifts as a courtier.

In fact the Marshal was a military captain of some international repute, and a physically accomplished sportsman and warrior. Principally he was a courtier, and trained to be such from boyhood. He cultivated and practised carefully the deferential and affable behaviour necessary for survival in the retinues of greater men. He was in his mid-forties before he was placed into any situation where a broader political judgement was needed. As one of Richard's appointees to oversee William de Longchamp in 1190–94 he demonstrated an eagerness to offend neither the king nor Count John which showed him to be a political trimmer at heart—compelled by early training to avoid offending anyone powerful—and a self-serving trimmer he always remained. Trimming was behaviour that might be mistaken for sagacity, but in his case it was really no more than caution masking incomprehension. The only thing his vision comprehended was the direction of his own interests, and these he could pursue ruthlessly, and sometimes recklessly as can be seen in his complaints of poor reward to Henry II in 1188. It is unlikely that anyone took him seriously as a political figure of any great weight (as opposed to a military captain) until the reign of John, who (ironically in view of the verdict of the History on him) vigorously promoted the Marshal's political fortunes. It was consistent misjudgement in pursuing his own interests that brought the Marshal down in 1205, and his tired decision to retreat into self-imposed exile in Ireland in 1207 should have been the end of his active career. But King John's own difficulties, the Marshal's undeserved reputation for political wisdom, and his deserved reputation for military success, pulled him out of retirement. His luck was that he was the ideal man for the moment in 1216, and his greater luck was that the moment was not so prolonged as to reveal his political weaknesses. Perhaps, too, by this time his great age made it easier for him to command obedience and respect.

William Marshal was very successful as an estate owner and regional magnate. He could be as charming and affable to social inferiors who were of use to him, as to his superiors. There is no doubt that, if let be, behind the courtier and opportunist was a well-disposed and kindly man. However, the Marshal followed his father and the spirit of his age in being remorselessly vengeful to lesser men who opposed his local ambitions, as was seen both in Leinster and south Wales. His closeness to the king between 1189 and 1205 made his service very attractive to the politically mobile class of lesser bannerets and county knights. He created one of the first recognizable regional political affinities, basing his power in the south-west of England and southern march of Wales. This affinity in turn enhanced his position at court. King John made great use of the Marshal's local power base in his difficulties with rebels. The Marshal's ecclesiastical patronage was conventional for a magnate of his day. He was a generous patron of the regular orders: he greatly favoured the templars; he founded an Augustinian priory at Cartmel about 1189, and the Cistercian houses of Duiske and Tintern Parva in Leinster in the first decade of the thirteenth century. He was survived by his wife, Isabel, for less than a year: she died at Chepstow in February 1220, and was buried at Tintern Abbey. They left five sons: William (II), Richard Marshal, Gilbert Marshal, Walter Marshal, and Anselm Marshal [see under Marshal, William (II)], successive earls of Pembroke. They also had five daughters: Matilda, who married successively Hugh Bigod, earl of Norfolk, and William (IV) de Warenne, earl of Surrey, Isabel, who married successively Gilbert de Clare, earl of Gloucester and Hertford, and Richard, first earl of Cornwall; Sybil, who married William de Ferrers, earl of Derby; Eve, who married William (V) de Briouze; and Joan, who married Warin de Munchensi.

David Crouch
Sources

P. Meyer, ed., L'histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal, 3 vols. (Paris, 1891–1901) · A. Holden, S. Gregory, and D. Crouch, eds., The history of William Marshal, 3 vols., Anglo-Norman Texts [forthcoming] · S. Painter, William Marshal (1933) · G. Duby, William Marshal: the flower of chivalry, trans. R. Howard (1984) · D. Crouch, William Marshal (1990) · GEC, Peerage, new edn, 10.358–64 · The journal of William Schellinks' travels in England, 1661–1663, ed. M. Exwood and H. L. Lehmann, CS, 5th ser., 1 (1993) · Ann. mon., vol. 4 · Chronica magistri Rogeri de Hovedene, ed. W. Stubbs, 2, Rolls Series, 51 (1869) · N. Vincent, ‘William Marshal, King Henry II and the honour of Châteauroux’, Archives, 25 (2000), 1–15
Likenesses

tomb effigy, Temple Church, London [see illus.]
© Oxford University Press 2004–5
All rights reserved: see legal notice Oxford University Press

David Crouch, ‘Marshal, William (I) , fourth earl of Pembroke (c.1146-1219)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18126, accessed 23 Sept 2005]

William (I) Marshal (c.1146-1219): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18126⁷

Name Variation

William le Marischal²

Occupation*

Marshal of England³

Event-Misc

1152

He was given by his father as hostage to King Stephen, but was spared by the king, despite his father's rebellion⁸

Event-Misc

between 1159 and 1167

He squired for William de Tancarville, hereditary Master Chamberlain of Normandy⁸

Event-Misc*

27 March 1168

Poitou, William was wounded and captured in an ambush while serving for his uncle Patrick (who was killed at that time)., Principal=Patrick d' Evereux⁸

Event-Misc

He was ransomed by Queen Eleanor, and was chosen by King Henry II to be a member of the Young Henry's household.⁸

Knighted*

1173

Drincourt, by William de Tancarville⁸

Event-Misc

He supported Young King Henry in his rebellion against his father⁸

(Witness) Knighted

by William Marshal, Principal=Henry of England⁸

Event-Misc*

11 June 1183

On his deathbed, Young King Henry charged William Marshal to carry his cross to the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, which he subsequently did, Principal=Henry of England⁸

Event-Misc

1187

On his return to England, he was made a member of the Household of Henry II⁸

Event-Misc

from 1188 to 1189

He served King Henry in France against his rebelling sons, once stopping Richard's pursuit by killing his horse (rather than Richard, which he could have). He was with Henry II to the last and escorted his body to Fontevrault for burial.⁸

(Witness) King-England

3 September 1189

Westminster, Middlesex, England, Principal=Richard I the Lionhearted^9,10,11,12

Event-Misc

1189

King Richard gave him Isabel de Clare in marriage and a number of posts for his service⁸

Event-Misc

October 1191

When the Archbishop of Rouen succeeded Longchamp as Justiciar, William became his chief assistant⁸

Event-Misc

1193

When Prince John revolted against King Richard, William besieged and took Windsor Castle.⁸

Event-Misc

between 1194 and 1199

He was in Normandy for the King¹³

Event-Misc

1199

Upon Richard's death, William supported King John, and obtained support of the nobles at a meeting in Northampton¹³

(Witness) Crowned

27 May 1199

Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England, King of England, Principal=John Lackland^{14,5,9,11,15,16}

Title

27 May 1199

Earl of Pembroke^17,13

Event-Misc

20 April 1200

He was confirmed Marshal of England¹³

Event-Misc

1204

He invaded Wales and captured Kilgerran¹³

Event-Misc*

1205

Robert de Tregoz made a trip to the continent with William Marshal, Principal=Sir Robert de Tregoz¹⁸

Event-Misc

June 1205

He joined the Archbishop of Canterbury in forcing King John to abandon a projected expedition to Poitou¹³

Event-Misc

between 1207 and 1211

He spent most of his time in Ireland¹³

Event-Misc

April 1213

He was recalled by King John¹³

(Witness) Event-Misc

15 May 1213

John agreed to reconcile with the Pope, becoming the Pope's vassal. The interdict and excommunication were lifted., Principal=John Lackland^11,13

Event-Misc*

1214

He was commander in England while John was absent in Poitou¹³

(King) Magna Carta

12 June 1215

Runningmede, Surrey, England, King=John Lackland^{19,20,21,22,23,24}

Title*

between 1216 and 1219

Regent of the Kingdom³

Event-Misc

11 November 1216

Bristol, He was chosen unanimously to be regent for Henry III¹³

Event-Misc*

11 September 1217

William Marshal concluded the Treaty of Lambeth with Prince Louis, Principal=Louis VIII "le Lion" of France¹³

HTML*

National Politics Web Guide

Family

Isabel de Clare b. 1173, d. 1220

Children

Sybil Marshal+^25,2,26 d. b 1238
Sir Richard Marshal⁶ d. 16 Apr 1234
Sir Gilbert Marshal⁶ d. 27 Jun 1241
Sir Anselm Marshal⁶ d. c 24 Dec 1245
Sir William Marshal²⁷ b. c 1190, d. 6 Apr 1231
Maud Marshal+^28,29,30 b. c 1192, d. 27 Mar 1248
Sir Walter Marshal⁶ b. a 1198, d. 24 Nov 1245
Isabel Marshal+^31,2,32,5 b. 9 Oct 1200, d. 17 Jan 1239/40
Joan Marshall+^2,33,30 b. c 1204, d. b Nov 1234
Eve Marshal+^3,2,34,35 b. c 1206, d. b 1246

Last Edited

23 Sep 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 81-28.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 66-27.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 145-1.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Plantagenet 16.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 149.
[S376] Unknown editor, unknown short title.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 147.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Warenne 2.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Plantagenet 2.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Plantagenet 3.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 79.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 148.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 1-26.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 29.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 84.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Wales 4.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 245.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Longespée 3.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Warenne 3.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 56-27.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 60-28.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 8.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 34.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 127-30.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 149-2.
[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 38.
[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 69-28.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 148-1.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 63-28.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 145-2.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 80-27.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 146-2.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Mortimer 6.

Gervase Paynel¹

M, #2645, d. 1194

Father*

Ralph Paynel¹ d. b 1153

Mother*

(?) Ferrers¹

Gervase Paynel|d. 1194|p89.htm#i2645|Ralph Paynel|d. b 1153|p86.htm#i2557|(?) Ferrers||p86.htm#i2558|Fulk Paynel||p86.htm#i2562|Beatrice FitzWilliam||p86.htm#i2563|Robert Ferrers|b. c 1076\nd. 1139|p86.htm#i2559|Hawise of Vitré|b. c 1086|p86.htm#i2560|

Marriage*

2nd=Isabel de Beaumont²

Death*

1194

Last Edited

1 May 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 81-27.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 19.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 55-27.

Sir Edward le Despenser K.G., M.P.¹

M, #2646, b. 24 March 1335/36, d. 11 November 1375

Father*

Sir Edward le Despenser^2,3,4 d. 30 Sep 1342

Mother*

Anne de Ferrers^2,5 d. 8 Aug 1367

Sir Edward le Despenser K.G., M.P.|b. 24 Mar 1335/36\nd. 11 Nov 1375|p89.htm#i2646|Sir Edward le Despenser|d. 30 Sep 1342|p90.htm#i2673|Anne de Ferrers|d. 8 Aug 1367|p90.htm#i2674|Sir Hugh le Despenser|d. 24 Nov 1326|p69.htm#i2057|Eleanor de Clare|b. Oct 1292\nd. 30 Jun 1337|p69.htm#i2058|Sir William de Ferrers|b. 30 Jan 1271/72\nd. 20 Mar 1324/25|p90.htm#i2675|Ellen de Segrave||p90.htm#i2680|

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

24 March 1335/36

Essendine, Rutland, England^1,6,7

Marriage

before 2 August 1354

Principal=Elizabeth de Burghersh^6,7

Marriage*

before December 1364

Conflict=Elizabeth de Burghersh^8,3,9,10

Death*

11 November 1375

Llanbethian, Glamorgan, Wales^8,3,6,7

Burial*

Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire, England^6,7

DNB*

Despenser, Edward, first Lord Despenser (1336-1375), magnate and soldier, was born at Essendine, Rutland, on 24 March 1336, the son and heir of Sir Edward Despenser (d. 1342)—the second son of Hugh Despenser the younger (d. 1326)—and his wife, Anne (d. 1367), the daughter of William, Lord Ferrers of Groby. Henry Despenser was his brother. From his father, who died in 1342, Edward Despenser inherited substantial estates, including nine manors, mostly in the midlands, and in 1349 he succeeded his childless uncle, Hugh, second Lord Despenser (of the first creation), in the principal estates of the family. A profitable marriage was arranged, probably in 1346, between Despenser and Elizabeth (d. 1409), granddaughter of Bartholomew Burghersh, the elder (d. 1355), a wealthy magnate who was the king's chamberlain. Elizabeth was the sole heir of her father, the younger Bartholomew Burghersh, and his first wife, Cecily Weyland. This marriage, which took place before 2 August 1354, ultimately enabled Despenser, after his father-in-law's death in 1369, to acquire his wife's valuable estates, which comprised ten manors in Suffolk and half of the Welsh marcher lordship of Ewias Lacy.

Throughout Edward Despenser's minority the greater part of his lands was administered by his kinsfolk and officials on his behalf. After dower had been assigned to Hugh's widow, Elizabeth, the residue of the Despenser estates was farmed, on 8 February 1350, to Bartholomew Burghersh, the elder, and the young heir, for the probably undervalued sum of £1000 a year. This custody was subsequently transferred to the Despenser heir and his mother, Lady Anne, on the same terms. Although he came of age in 1357, Edward Despenser did not have full possession of his family inheritance until after the death of the dowager, Elizabeth, in 1359.

Despenser's military career began before his coming of age in March 1357. With his father-in-law, Lord Burghersh, he was in the retinue of the Black Prince on his first expedition to Gascony in 1355, and he fought at Poitiers on 19 September 1356, when the French king, John II, was captured. He was still in Gascony in March 1357, and he probably returned to London with the prince of Wales during the following month. He was summoned to parliament in December 1357. When Edward III invaded France for the last time in October 1359, Despenser was one of the English magnates who served with the king, and he was still in France two years later. In 1361 he was made a knight of the Garter and given the stall next to the king's in St George's Chapel, Windsor. Meanwhile the treaty of Brétigny, made in May 1360, had ended the most profitable phase of the French war.

Although Despenser was one of the Irish landowners who were commanded in February 1362 to go to Ireland to assist the king's third son, Lionel, to restore order in that land, it seems unlikely that he left England again until 1368. He was present in London when Lionel was created duke of Clarence on 13 November 1362, and it was in his service that he later enlisted. Despenser was the most important of the followers who accompanied Duke Lionel on his journey to Milan to marry Violante Visconti in May 1368, and he remained in Italy for over four years. After Lionel died suddenly on 17 October 1368, Despenser believed that his patron's death had been brought about by poison, and in revenge he took service with the pope, Urban V, in his war against the Visconti of Milan. On 10 March 1370 the pope wrote to John of Gaunt commending Despenser, who had won a great reputation by his prowess in battles in Lombardy. Despenser's prolonged sojourn in Italy appears to be commemorated in the fresco of the church militant and triumphant painted by Andrea da Firenze (Andrea Bonaiuti) and others in the Spanish chapel of Santa Maria Novella in Florence. This fresco depicts the meeting at Viterbo of Urban V and the emperor, Charles IV, on 17 October 1368; conspicuous in the group standing near the emperor is a knight of the Garter, clad in white, gold-embroidered garments. This figure, which portrays in profile a good-looking man with a short, reddish, pointed beard, has been identified as Edward, Lord Despenser, who was the only knight of the Garter in Italy at that time. If this identification is correct, he was the first Englishman to be portrayed in Italian art since Thomas Becket.

Despenser's exploits in Italy made him a renowned hero of chivalry. Froissart, who knew him personally and benefited from his patronage, eulogizes him as the most handsome, most courteous, and most honourable knight of his time in England, and relates that it was at the request of John of Gaunt that Despenser returned home in the summer of 1372. He was constable of Gaunt's army in the great chevauchée of 1373, when Gaunt marched across France from Calais to Bordeaux, losing half his troops on the way. The Breton expedition in the spring of 1375 was the last successful English undertaking in France in the late fourteenth century; Despenser, in company with Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (afterwards duke of York), and Edmund Mortimer, earl of March, was attacking Quimperlé when this campaign was cut short by the truce of Bruges. After his return home Despenser visited Cardiff in September 1375; he died a few weeks later at his manor of Llanblethian, near Cowbridge, on 11 November, aged thirty-nine. His effigy on his tomb in Tewkesbury Abbey shows him in full armour, kneeling in prayer. His death was followed by another prolonged minority, since his surviving son, Thomas Despenser, was only two years old when his father died. The Despensers were an unlucky family; if Edward Despenser's career had not been prematurely cut short, his knightly prowess might well have earned him promotion to an earldom, a rank merited by his great landed possessions and his prestige as a famous military hero.

T. B. Pugh
Sources

Adae Murimuth continuatio chronicarum. Robertus de Avesbury de gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii, ed. E. M. Thompson, Rolls Series, 93 (1889) · Œuvres de Froissart: chroniques, ed. K. de Lettenhove, 25 vols. (Brussels, 1867–77) · CEPR letters, vol. 4 · Dugdale, Monasticon, new edn · W. Dugdale, The baronage of England, 2 vols. (1675–6) · H. J. Hewitt, The Black Prince's expedition of 1355–1357 (1958) · G. Williams, ed., Glamorgan county history, 3: The middle ages, ed. T. B. Pugh (1971) · GEC, Peerage · G. Andres, J. M. Hunisak, and J. R. Turner, The art of Florence (1988) · M. A. Devlin, ‘An English knight of the garter in the Spanish chapel in Florence’, Speculum, 4 (1929), 270–81 · A. Gardner, English medieval sculpture, rev. edn (1951) · G. B. Parks, The English traveler to Italy (1954) · CIPM
Likenesses

A. da Firenze and others, fresco, c.1368, Spanish chapel of Santa Maria Novella, Florence, Italy · effigy, Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire
© Oxford University Press 2004–5
All rights reserved: see legal notice Oxford University Press

T. B. Pugh, ‘Despenser, Edward, first Lord Despenser (1336-1375)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/7550, accessed 24 Sept 2005]

Edward Despenser (1336-1375): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7550¹¹

Name Variation

Despencer⁷

Event-Misc

1349

Edw. le Despenser was heir to his uncle, Hugh le Despenser, 3rd Lord le Despenser, Principal=Sir Hugh le Despenser⁷

Event-Misc

September 1355

accompanied the Prince of Wales to Gascony^6,7

Event-Misc

19 September 1356

He fought at the Battle of Poitiers⁷

Summoned*

between 15 December 1357 and 6 October 1372

Parliament^6,7

Event-Misc*

from 1359 to 1360

He took part in the invasion of France⁷

Knighted*

1361

He was nominated K.G.¹²

Event-Misc

1368

He went with Lionel, Duke of Clarence, to Milan. He subsequently was in the service of Pope Urban in his war against the Viscount of Milan, winning a great reputation in battles in Lombardy⁷

Event-Misc

1372

He returned to England at the request of John of Gaunt⁷

Event-Misc

from 1373 to 1374

He was Constable of the Army of John of Gaunt in France⁷

Event-Misc

1375

He assisted the Duke of Brittany in his campaign there.⁷

Title*

4th Lord le Despenser, Lord of Glamorgan and Morgannwg, Wales, and, in right of his wife, of Ewyas Lacy, Herefordshire^8,7

Family

Elizabeth de Burghersh b. 1342, d. c 26 Jul 1409

Children

Margaret le Despencer+^8,13,6,14 d. 3 Nov 1415
Elizabeth le Despencer^15,9 d. 10 Apr 1408 or 11 Apr 1408
Anne le Despencer⁶ d. 30 Oct 1426 or 31 Oct 1426
Edward le Despencer⁷
Hugh le Despencer⁷
Cecily le Despencer⁷
Sir Thomas le Despencer K.G.¹⁶ b. 22 Sep 1373, d. 13 Jan 1400

Last Edited

24 Sep 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 81-27.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 74-33.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 14-8.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Clare 10.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 14-7.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Clare 9.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Despenser 9.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-35.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Ferrers 10.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 43.
[S376] Unknown editor, unknown short title.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 84.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-9.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Ferrers 11.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 14-9.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Clare 8.

Elizabeth de Burghersh¹

F, #2647, b. 1342, d. circa 26 July 1409

Father*

Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh K.G.^2,3,4,5,6,7 b. s 1323, d. 5 Apr 1369

Mother*

Cicely de Weyland^8,4,6 b. c Apr 1319

Elizabeth de Burghersh|b. 1342\nd. c 26 Jul 1409|p89.htm#i2647|Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh K.G.|b. s 1323\nd. 5 Apr 1369|p89.htm#i2648|Cicely de Weyland|b. c Apr 1319|p89.htm#i2649|Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh|b. c 1304\nd. 3 Aug 1355|p89.htm#i2652|Elizabeth de Verdun|b. c 1306\nd. 1 May 1360|p89.htm#i2651|Sir Richard de Weyland|b. c 1290\nd. b 8 Oct 1319|p89.htm#i2650|Joan (?)||p477.htm#i14287|

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

1342

^1,3,4,9

Marriage

before 2 August 1354

Principal=Sir Edward le Despenser K.G., M.P.^4,9

Marriage*

before December 1364

Conflict=Sir Edward le Despenser K.G., M.P.^2,10,11,7

Death*

circa 26 July 1409

^2,3,4,9

Burial*

Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire, England^4,9

Event-Misc*

between 1382 and 1387

She sold the manors of Heytesbury, Colerne, and Stert, Wiltshire, to Thomas Hungerford.⁹

Will*

1409

bequeathing two chargers and twelve dishes of silver to daughter Margaret, Witness=Margaret le Despencer¹²

Family

Sir Edward le Despenser K.G., M.P. b. 24 Mar 1335/36, d. 11 Nov 1375

Children

Margaret le Despencer+^2,5 d. 3 Nov 1415
Elizabeth le Despencer^13,11 d. 10 Apr 1408 or 11 Apr 1408
Anne le Despencer⁴ d. 30 Oct 1426 or 31 Oct 1426
Edward le Despencer⁹
Hugh le Despencer⁹
Cecily le Despencer⁹
Sir Thomas le Despencer K.G.¹⁴ b. 22 Sep 1373, d. 13 Jan 1400

Last Edited

5 Feb 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 81-27.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-35.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-9.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Clare 9.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Ferrers 11.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Burghersh 10.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 43.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-34.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Despenser 9.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 14-8.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Ferrers 10.
[S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Ferrers 8.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 14-9.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Clare 8.

Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh K.G.¹

M, #2648, b. say 1323, d. 5 April 1369

Father*

Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh^2,3 b. c 1304, d. 3 Aug 1355

Mother*

Elizabeth de Verdun² b. c 1306, d. 1 May 1360

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

say 1323

⁴

Marriage*

11 May 1335

Bride=Cicely de Weyland^5,6,7,4

Marriage*

before August 1366

2nd=Margaret Gisors^6,4

Death*

5 April 1369

^8,6,4,9

Burial*

Walsingham Abbey, Norfolk^4,9

DNB*

Burghersh, Bartholomew, the younger, third Lord Burghersh (d. 1369), soldier and diplomat, was the eldest son of Bartholomew Burghersh the elder (d. 1355) and Elizabeth Verdon (1305/6–1364). He married first Cicily de Wayland (or Weyland), the daughter of Richard Weyland, and second Margaret, a close relative of Bartholomew Badlesmere, his father's patron. He had, with Cicily, one daughter, Elizabeth (d. 1409), who married Edward, Lord Despenser (d. 1375). From an early age he was in contact with the court of Edward III through his father. As early as 1339 he accompanied the king in Flanders and he took part in the Brittany campaign of 1342–3. However, it was his service alongside Edward the Black Prince for which he became well known. He was part of the prince's retinue at Crécy in 1346 and took part in the siege of Calais the following year. In 1349 he accompanied Henry of Grosmont, earl of Lancaster (d. 1361), on the expedition to Gascony and in 1355 returned there with the Black Prince. While on this campaign Burghersh, along with Sir John Chandos and Sir James Audley, was leading twenty-four men to confirm the position of the French forces; he chanced upon 200 of the enemy and successfully captured thirty-two knights and esquires. Later, on a reconnoitring mission with a force of 200 men, he could not resist the temptation to launch a surprise attack on the French. Burghersh fought for the prince at Poitiers (19 September 1356) and, at the end of the campaign, he remained with a garrison at Cognac and raided into Anjou and Poitou. In 1359 Burghersh campaigned with Edward III in France. He led the successful siege of Cormicy, east of Rheims, and was commended by the surrendering garrison commander for his chivalry. He assisted the king in the negotiations for the treaty of Brétigny (8 May 1360). In 1364 he received and escorted King John of France at Dover when he surrendered himself back into captivity. He remained highly active in royal service, going on embassies to Flanders and the papal court at Avignon in 1364–5 as part of the doomed diplomatic effort to arrange a marriage between Edmund of Langley, Edward III's son, and the daughter of the count of Flanders.

For his services Burghersh received considerable patronage and honours from Edward III and the Black Prince. He was a founding knight of the Order of the Garter. The Black Prince made him constable of Wallingford Castle in 1351; two years later he was also appointed justice of Chester. In 1349 he inherited land from his brother Henry and in 1355 Burghersh not only inherited his father's substantial lands throughout the southern half of England, but was also granted the stannary of Devon that his father had held of the Black Prince. In 1357/8 he received 10,000 marks from Edward III for the capture of the count of Ventadour and in 1361 a share of the dower lands of the late widow of Theobald de Verdon, his grandfather. The high esteem in which he was held by the Black Prince was also illustrated by numerous smaller gifts of armour, silverware, and wine.

Burghersh seems to have been a man of conventional piety. In 1354 he seriously intended a visit to the Holy Land, an objective he shared with his father. Interestingly, Froissart states that Burghersh in 1361 quoted a prophecy contained in the Brut that the Black Prince would never become king of England. Burghersh wrote his will upon his deathbed in London on 4 April 1369. He died the following day. He sought burial in the chapel at Walsingham before the statue of the Virgin Mary, breaking the tradition of his grandfather, father, and uncle, who were all buried in Lincoln Cathedral. He gave detailed instructions for the carriage of his body and left his property in Wales and Wiltshire to his wife. In 1961 his tomb was excavated and revealed that at his death he was an upright man of 5 feet 10 inches, his right arm showing the strong physical development needed for martial pursuits but a twisted ankle and once broken ribs revealing the concomitant risks. He had a narrow face and nose with high-set eyes and a full, if very worn, set of teeth.

Anthony Verduyn
Sources

Chancery records · M. C. B. Dawes, ed., Register of Edward, the Black Prince, 4 vols., PRO (1930–33) · Chroniques de J. Froissart, ed. S. Luce and others, 15 vols. (Paris, 1869–1975) · Adae Murimuth continuatio chronicarum. Robertus de Avesbury de gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii, ed. E. M. Thompson, Rolls Series, 93 (1889) · Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke, ed. E. M. Thompson (1889) · C. Greene and A. B. Whittingham, ‘Excavations at Walsingham Priory, Norfolk, 1961’, Archaeological Journal, 125 (1968), 255–90 · N. H. Nicolas, ed., Testamenta vetusta: being illustrations from wills, 2 vols. (1826) · R. Barber, Edward, prince of Wales and Aquitaine: a biography of the Black Prince (1978) · CEPR letters · W. H. Bliss, ed., Calendar of entries in the papal registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland: petitions to the pope (1896)
Wealth at death

uncertain but substantial: CIPM, 12.297–301
© Oxford University Press 2004–5
All rights reserved: see legal notice Oxford University Press

Anthony Verduyn, ‘Burghersh, Bartholomew, the younger, third Lord Burghersh (d. 1369)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4006, accessed 24 Sept 2005]

Bartholomew Burghersh the younger (d. 1369): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4006¹⁰

Feudal*

Ewyas Lacy, Herefordshire, Burwash, Sussex, Heytesbury, Stert, and Colerne, Wiltshire.⁴

Event-Misc

1339

He accompanied King Edward III to Flanders⁴

Event-Misc*

25 August 1346

Crécy, France, fought at the Battle of Crécy alongside his father^5,6,9

Knighted*

23 April 1349

an original Knight of the Garter⁵

Event-Misc

1354

He fulfilled a religious vow by making a pilgrimage to the Holy Land⁴

Event-Misc

19 September 1356

Poitiers, France, He fought alongside King Edward III⁴

Residence*

Ewyas Lacy, Herefordshire, England⁷

Occupation*

Justiciar of Chester, steward and constable of Wallingford and St. Valery⁴

Family

Cicely de Weyland b. c Apr 1319

Child

Elizabeth de Burghersh+^{8,11,7,12,4,9} b. 1342, d. c 26 Jul 1409

Last Edited

24 Sep 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 81-27.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-33.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-7.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Burghersh 10.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-34.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-8.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Clare 9.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-35.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 43.
[S376] Unknown editor, unknown short title.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-9.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Ferrers 11.

Cicely de Weyland¹

F, #2649, b. circa April 1319

Father*

Sir Richard de Weyland b. c 1290, d. b 8 Oct 1319; daughter and heir^1,2,3,4

Mother*

Joan (?)⁴

Cicely de Weyland|b. c Apr 1319|p89.htm#i2649|Sir Richard de Weyland|b. c 1290\nd. b 8 Oct 1319|p89.htm#i2650|Joan (?)||p477.htm#i14287|Sir John de Weyland|d. b 30 Oct 1312|p482.htm#i14445|Mary (?)||p482.htm#i14446|||||||

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Blaxhall and Cockfield, Suffolk⁵

Birth*

circa April 1319

aged 6 months on 8 Oct 1319⁶

Marriage*

11 May 1335

1st=Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh K.G.^1,2,3,4

Living*

1351

Living

August 1354

Family

Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh K.G. b. s 1323, d. 5 Apr 1369

Child

Elizabeth de Burghersh+^1,3,4 b. 1342, d. c 26 Jul 1409

Last Edited

5 Feb 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-34.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-8.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Clare 9.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Burghersh 10.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 43.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 186.

Sir Richard de Weyland¹

M, #2650, b. circa 1290, d. before 8 October 1319

Father*

Sir John de Weyland² d. b 30 Oct 1312

Mother*

Mary (?)²

Sir Richard de Weyland|b. c 1290\nd. b 8 Oct 1319|p89.htm#i2650|Sir John de Weyland|d. b 30 Oct 1312|p482.htm#i14445|Mary (?)||p482.htm#i14446|Sir Thomas de Weyland|d. b 23 Dec 1298|p482.htm#i14447|Ann de Colevill||p482.htm#i14448|||||||

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

circa 1290

(aged 22 on 30 Oct 1312)³

Marriage*

Principal=Joan (?)⁴

Death*

before 8 October 1319

| holding Le Fenhale Manor in Ohhows, Suffolk as 1 Kt. Fee, jointely with his wife Joan, who survives, and leaving daughter and heir Cecily, aged 6 months.³

Feudal*

Blaxhall and Cockfield, Suffolk⁴

Arms*

De azure a un lion rampand de argent e un baston de goules (Parl.).³

Event-Misc*

4 September 1305

Richard de Weyland and wife Joan had enfeoffed Rob. de Scales and wife Isabel of lands at Middelton, Norfolk, Principal=Joan (?), Witness=Sir Robert de Scales, Witness=Isabel de Burnel³

Event-Misc*

12 December 1312

He had livery of his father's lands³

Feudal

5 March 1316

Buxhall, Middelton, Fordly, and Blaxhall, Suffolk.³

Family

Joan (?)

Child

Cicely de Weyland+ b. c Apr 1319; daughter and heir^1,5,6,4

Last Edited

5 Jan 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-34.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 185.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 186.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Burghersh 10.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-8.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Clare 9.

Elizabeth de Verdun¹

F, #2651, b. circa 1306, d. 1 May 1360

Father*

Sir Theobald de Verdun^2,3,4 b. 8 Sep 1278, d. 27 Jul 1316

Mother*

Maud de Mortimer^2,4 b. c 1286, d. 17 Sep 1312

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Stoke-upon-Tern, Shropshire, England⁵

Birth*

circa 1306

^6,7

Marriage*

before 11 June 1320

Principal=Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh^1,6,7,8

Death*

1 May 1360

^1,6,7,5

Burial*

Grey Friars, London, England⁷

Name Variation

Verdon⁶

Family

Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh b. c 1304, d. 3 Aug 1355

Children

Henry de Burghersh⁷
Thomas de Burghersh⁷
Joan de Burghersh⁷ d. 4 Oct 1404
Margaret de Burghersh⁷
Maud de Burghersh⁹ d. 1401
Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh K.G.+¹ b. s 1323, d. 5 Apr 1369

Last Edited

5 Feb 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-33.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-32.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-6.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Verdun 8.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 42.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-7.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Burghersh 9.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 106.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 43.

Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh¹

M, #2652, b. circa 1304, d. 3 August 1355

Father*

Sir Robert Burghersh^1,2,3,4 d. bt 2 Jul 1306 - 8 Oct 1306

Mother*

Maud de Badlesmere^1,2,4 d. a 2 Jan 1306

Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh|b. c 1304\nd. 3 Aug 1355|p89.htm#i2652|Sir Robert Burghersh|d. bt 2 Jul 1306 - 8 Oct 1306|p89.htm#i2653|Maud de Badlesmere|d. a 2 Jan 1306|p89.htm#i2654|Reynold Burghersh||p459.htm#i13764||||Guncelin de Badlesmere|b. c 1232\nd. 13 Apr 1301|p89.htm#i2655|Joan FitzBernard|b. c 1234\nd. 1310|p238.htm#i7136|

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

circa 1304

⁴

Marriage*

before 11 June 1320

Principal=Elizabeth de Verdun^1,2,4,5

Death*

3 August 1355

^1,2,6

Burial*

Grey Friars, London, England⁴

DNB*

Burghersh, Bartholomew, the elder, second Lord Burghersh (d. 1355), magnate and administrator, was a younger son of Robert Burghersh (d. 1306), constable of Dover Castle and warden of the Cinque Ports, and Maud, sister of Bartholomew Badlesmere. Burghersh (after Burwash, Sussex) inherited the modest family estates in Kent and Sussex on the death of his elder brother, Stephen (d. 1310). By 1321 he had married Elizabeth Verdon (1305/6–1364), with whom he had at least three sons, Bartholomew Burghersh, the younger (d. 1369), Henry (d. 1349), and Thomas, and a daughter, Joan. Elizabeth was one of four coheiresses of Theobald de Verdon (d. 1316) and Burghersh took part in a protracted struggle to overturn the division of the Verdon estates. In 1328 he achieved a favourable settlement, only to see his success diluted in 1332 following an accusation of corruption involving Roger Mortimer, earl of March, and Henry Burghersh (c.1290-1340), bishop of Lincoln, Bartholomew's younger brother, who was at that time chancellor of England. However, under Edward III he acquired substantial wealth thanks to royal patronage. Furthermore, while at the siege of Vannes, Brittany, in 1343 he had all debts at the exchequer pardoned and by 1346 the king owed him almost £4000. Between 1349 and 1353 he had custody of the valuable Despenser lands at a farm of £1000 per year. He also inherited the land and goods of his brother Henry. In 1344 he was granted the stannary of Devon by Edward, the Black Prince. On his death he left substantial estates throughout the southern half of England and patronage continued with his estates being placed under royal protection and his debts at the exchequer again being cancelled.

In his early career Burghersh was closely associated with his uncle Bartholomew Badlesmere (d. 1322), a Kent magnate active in the court of Edward II. However, Badlesmere became estranged from the court and in 1321 his wife refused Queen Isabella entry to Leeds Castle. Edward II laid siege to the castle and at its fall Burghersh, his wife, and his children were sent to the Tower of London and his estates confiscated. His wife and children were eventually released by order of 31 December 1325, but Burghersh was only freed by the mob when London was abandoned by Edward II during the invasion of Mortimer and Isabella in late 1326. By December he had been appointed to his father's office of constable of Dover Castle and warden of the Cinque Ports. He immediately petitioned parliament for the return of his estates and these were restored to him in February 1327. He lost his offices in October 1330, when they were given to William Clinton, later earl of Huntingdon, for his personal assistance to the king in the coup that toppled the minority regime of Mortimer and Isabella that month. Burghersh was compensated with an appointment as seneschal of Ponthieu (from October 1331 to September 1334) and then as keeper of the forests south of the Trent in 1335, an office he relinquished in late 1343 when he was again appointed constable of Dover Castle and warden of the Cinque Ports. Burghersh was also admiral of the western fleet (from August 1337 to November 1339), master of the household of Edward, the Black Prince (to whom he was a close adviser), the king's chamberlain (from 1347 to 1355) and, briefly, keeper of the Tower of London and one of the keepers of the realm during the king's absence in 1355.

Burghersh was an important royal councillor. He rapidly acquired expertise in diplomacy. In 1327 he went on a mission to the papal curia, and returned there in 1329 to negotiate for the king half the profits of four papal tenths levied on the English clergy, 1330–34. Thereafter he was closely involved in almost all negotiations between the king and the pope or his envoys, particularly concerning the war with France. Also in 1327 he went with William Clinton to accompany Philippa of Hainault to England for her marriage to the new king. He took part in negotiations with the king of France in 1329 concerning the homage of Edward III and in 1332 concerning a proposed crusade. Once war broke out with France in 1337 he was closely involved with negotiating support from allies and peace with the enemy. He also assisted in Edward III's struggle to raise finance for the war in its early years. He retained the confidence of the king in the crisis of 1340–41 and acted as a justice in the general commissions investigating the offences of officials and others that ensued. Burghersh's diplomacy also extended into domestic politics: in 1343 he addressed parliament to explain and gain support for the truce he had helped negotiate in Brittany. Two propaganda letters survive in his name from July 1346 recounting the course of the Normandy campaign (he fought in the vanguard at Crécy). That September the assembled parliament awaited the arrival of Burghersh and others bringing letters from the king at the siege of Calais. By his speeches in the parliament of 1351 and the great council of 1353 Burghersh assisted in securing duties on wool to finance the war, and in the parliament of 1354, following his address, the Commons acclaimed their approval for the king's pursuit of a permanent peace. In these, his later years, he spent almost half his days in personal attendance upon the king and his council.

Burghersh came from a pious family. He took the cross and in May 1344 received a papal licence to go on crusade, but in 1351 he received a dispensation to delay for three years and in 1355 another to delay a visit to Santiago de Compostela. In 1345 he established a chantry in Lincoln Cathedral with five chaplains for the benefit of the royal family, his own family, and his patron, Bartholomew Badlesmere. He died on 3 August 1355 and his eldest son and namesake succeeded to his estates. Like his father, and Henry his brother, he was buried in Lincoln Cathedral. His canopied tomb is in the north wall but the effigy appears to be a late medieval replacement. At his head and feet are pairs of angels, one holding his shield and the other his soul in a napkin.

Anthony Verduyn
Sources

Chancery records · RotP, vol. 2 · Adae Murimuth continuatio chronicarum. Robertus de Avesbury de gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii, ed. E. M. Thompson, Rolls Series, 93 (1889) · M. C. B. Dawes, ed., Register of Edward, the Black Prince, 4 vols., PRO (1930–33) · J. R. Maddicott, Thomas of Lancaster, 1307–1322: a study in the reign of Edward II (1970) · G. J. Aungier, ed., Chroniques de London, CS, 28 (1844) · N. Pevsner, J. Harris, and N. Antram, Lincolnshire, 2nd edn, Pevsner (1989) · W. M. Ormrod, The reign of Edward III (1990) · CEPR letters, vol. 2 · W. H. Bliss, ed., Calendar of entries in the papal registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland: petitions to the pope (1896)
Likenesses

tomb effigy, Lincoln Cathedral [see illus.]
Wealth at death

uncertain but substantial: CIPM, 10.216–20; 469–74
© Oxford University Press 2004–5
All rights reserved: see legal notice Oxford University Press

Anthony Verduyn, ‘Burghersh, Bartholomew, the elder, second Lord Burghersh (d. 1355)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4005, accessed 24 Sept 2005]

Bartholomew Burghersh the elder (d. 1355): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4005⁷

Arms*

Gu. A lion rampant tail-forked or. (Parl.) The same, with Label of 5 points az. (Dering). Gu. A lion rampant or (Cott).³

Occupation*

constable of Dover and warden of the Cinque Ports, constable of the Tower of London, Chamberlain of the King's Household, Chief Justice in Eyre south of Trent, Admiral of the Fleet west of Thames, Senschal of Ponthieu^3,4

(Rebel) Battle-Boroughbridge

16 March 1321/22

Principal=Edward II Plantagenet, Principal=Sir Thomas of Lancaster^8,9,10

Summoned*

between 1330 and 1354

Parliament³

Event-Misc*

1343

He was part of a diplomatic mission to the Pope⁶

Event-Misc

25 August 1346

Crécy, France, He fought at the Battle of Crécy⁶

Event-Misc

27 June 1355

He was made Chamberlain of the Royal Household and Constable of the Tower of London¹¹

Family

Elizabeth de Verdun b. c 1306, d. 1 May 1360

Children

Henry de Burghersh^4,11
Thomas de Burghersh⁴
Joan de Burghersh^4,11 d. 4 Oct 1404
Margaret de Burghersh⁴
Maud de Burghersh¹¹ d. 1401
Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh K.G.+^1,2 b. s 1323, d. 5 Apr 1369

Last Edited

24 Sep 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-33.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-7.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, p. 163.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Burghersh 9.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 106.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 42.
[S376] Unknown editor, unknown short title.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 2, p. 114.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 3.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 31.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 43.

Sir Robert Burghersh¹

M, #2653, d. between 2 July 1306 and 8 October 1306

Father*

Reynold Burghersh^2,3

Sir Robert Burghersh|d. bt 2 Jul 1306 - 8 Oct 1306|p89.htm#i2653|Reynold Burghersh||p459.htm#i13764||||Herbert de Borgherse||p459.htm#i13767||||||||||

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Marriage*

Principal=Maud de Badlesmere^1,4,2,5

Death*

between 2 July 1306 and 8 October 1306

^2,5

Feudal*

Burghersh (now Burwash), Sussex, Chiddingstone, Kent, and other lands³

Note*

He was constable of Dover Castle and Warden of the Cinque Ports.³

Event-Misc*

1278

Having 1 Kt. Fee in Suss., he is distrained for Kthood.²

Event-Misc

1295

He was commander of banks and dykes in Suss.²

Event-Misc

1297

He was on the council of Prince Edward²

Summoned*

from 12 November 1303 to 13 July 1305

Parliament³

Family

Maud de Badlesmere d. a 2 Jan 1306

Children

Henry de Burghersh³ d. 1343
Sir Stephen Burghersh b. c 1282, d. b 22 Mar 1310; son and heir^2,3
Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh+^1,4,6,7 b. c 1304, d. 3 Aug 1355

Last Edited

5 Feb 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-33.
[S285] Leo van de Pas, 30 Jun 2004.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 42.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-7.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 10.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, p. 163.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Burghersh 9.

Maud de Badlesmere¹

F, #2654, d. after 2 January 1306

Father*

Guncelin de Badlesmere^1,2,3 b. c 1232, d. 13 Apr 1301

Mother*

Joan FitzBernard² b. c 1234, d. 1310

Maud de Badlesmere|d. a 2 Jan 1306|p89.htm#i2654|Guncelin de Badlesmere|b. c 1232\nd. 13 Apr 1301|p89.htm#i2655|Joan FitzBernard|b. c 1234\nd. 1310|p238.htm#i7136|Bartholomew d. Badlesmere|d. 1248|p238.htm#i7137||||Ralph FitzBernard|b. c 1205\nd. c 1239|p238.htm#i7138|Joan Aquilon FitzBernard/||p238.htm#i7139|

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Marriage*

Principal=Sir Robert Burghersh^1,4,5,3

Death*

after 2 January 1306

^2,3

Family

Sir Robert Burghersh d. bt 2 Jul 1306 - 8 Oct 1306

Children

Henry de Burghersh⁶ d. 1343
Sir Stephen Burghersh⁵ b. c 1282, d. b 22 Mar 1310
Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh+^1,4,7 b. c 1304, d. 3 Aug 1355

Last Edited

26 Jan 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-33.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 10.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-7.
[S285] Leo van de Pas, 30 Jun 2004.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 42.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Burghersh 9.

Guncelin de Badlesmere¹

M, #2655, b. circa 1232, d. 13 April 1301

Father*

Bartholomew de Badlesmere² d. 1248

Guncelin de Badlesmere|b. c 1232\nd. 13 Apr 1301|p89.htm#i2655|Bartholomew de Badlesmere|d. 1248|p238.htm#i7137||||Gunceline d. Badlesmere|d. a 1205|p238.htm#i7140|(?) de Peyferer||p239.htm#i7141|||||||

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

circa 1232

Chilham, Kent, England^2,3

Marriage*

Principal=Joan FitzBernard^2,3

Death*

13 April 1301

^2,4

Feudal*

Badlesmere Manor and lands at Doneswellebethe, Kent, as 1 Knight's Fee⁴

Excommunication*

by the Archbishop of Canterbury by order of King Henry III³

Name Variation

Gunselm⁵

Arms*

Arg. A fesse bet. 2 bars gemelles gu (Camden, St. George, Dering)⁴

Event-Misc*

between 16 October 1274 and 14 November 1281

He was Justice of Chester (F.R.)⁴

(Witness) Event-Misc

10 June 1280

King grants to Guncelin de Badlesmere, marriage of Robert le Strange's son and heir John, Principal=Sir Robert le Strange, Principal=John le Strange⁶

Event-Misc

2 August 1282

He was to serve against the Welsh (P.W.)⁴

Event-Misc

16 June 1294

He is of the King's household and Council, and holds lands at Lenham, Kent (P. R.)⁴

Event-Misc

20 August 1297

He was going overseas for the King, and is Commander of Array, Kent.⁴

Event-Misc

13 October 1300

As a knight of Henry, Earl of Lincoln, goes with him to Rome (C.R.)⁴

Family

Joan FitzBernard b. c 1234, d. 1310

Children

Maud de Badlesmere+^1,2,5 d. a 2 Jan 1306
Sir Bartholomew de Badlesmere+^2,4 b. 1275, d. 14 Apr 1322

Last Edited

26 Jan 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-33.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 9.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, p. 31.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 10.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 4, p. 299.

Sir Theobald de Verdun^1,2

M, #2656, b. 8 September 1278, d. 27 July 1316

Father*

Sir Theobald de Verdun^3,4 b. c 1248, d. b 24 Aug 1309

Mother*

Margery de Bohun^3,4 d. b 1304

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

8 September 1278

^1,5,6,7

Marriage*

29 July 1302

Wigmore, Herefordshire, England, Her maritagium included the Castle and manor of Dunamase in Ireland, Bride=Maud de Mortimer^1,5,6,7

Marriage*

4 February 1315/16

near Boston, England, against the King's will and without license, 2nd=Elizabeth de Clare^5,6,7,8,9

Death*

27 July 1316

Alton, Staffordshire, England, |leaving 3 d. coh., viz. Joan, 12-14, Elizabeth, 10-12, Margery, 5-7, but his wife Elizabeth, to whom dower, is pregnant^1,5,6,7,8

Burial*

Croxton Abbey, England^5,7

Feudal*

Alton, Staffordshire, Weobley, Herefordshire, Farnham Verdon, Buckinghamshire, Wilsford, Wiltshire⁷

Arms*

Or, a fret gules⁷

Name Variation

Verdon⁶

Name Variation

Thebaud⁷

Name Variation

Tebaud⁷

Event-Misc*

14 July 1297

The King is displeased with his not coming, he having pleaded infirmity and the loss of his son and heir John. The King hears that his 2nd son Theobald is strong and able, and asks that he may be sent to him. He shall have his passage by sea and his wages., Principal=Sir Theobald de Verdun²

Knighted*

24 June 1298

Northumberland, England, Witness=Edward I "Longshanks" Plantagenet King of England^1,7

(English) Battle-Falkirk

22 July 1298

Principal=Edward I "Longshanks" Plantagenet King of England^10,11,12

Summoned

from 29 December 1299 to 16 October 1315

Parliament by writs directed Theobaldo de Verdun junior^6,7

Event-Misc*

28 April 1302

Lic. for Edm. de Mortimer to grant Donmask Castle and Manor in Ireland to Theobald, jun., in free marriage with his d. Matilda, and for Theobald, sen. to grant to said Theobald, jun., and Matilda, 200 m. p.a. in Loghfinedy Manor, Principal=Maud de Mortimer, Witness=Sir Theobald de Verdun, Witness=Sir Edmund de Mortimer²

Summoned*

12 September 1310

serve against the Scots, he proffers 3 1/2 Kt. Fees for all his lands in England, and will serve per 1 Kt. and 5 serjeants⁸

Occupation*

30 April 1313

Justiciar of Ireland, hereditary Constable of Ireland^1,7,9

Event-Misc*

22 March 1314

He is to treat with Irish chieftains, prelates, magnates, and others of Ireland re giving help against Brus and the Scots⁸

Feudal

5 March 1316

Farnham and Seaw Green, Bucks., Weobley, Here., Stoke on Tyrne and Ludlow, Salop, Batterley, Bukenhale, Alveton, and Ellaston, Staff., Wilsford and Stoke-Verdon, Wiltshire⁸

Family 1

Maud de Mortimer b. c 1286, d. 17 Sep 1312

Children

Katherine de Verdun⁷
Joan de Verdon^13,8 b. 9 Aug 1303, d. 2 Oct 1334
Elizabeth de Verdun+^1,6,7 b. c 1306, d. 1 May 1360
Margery de Verdun^7,8 b. 10 Aug 1310, d. b 12 Oct 1363

Family 2

Elizabeth de Clare b. 16 Sep 1295, d. 4 Nov 1360

Child

Isabel de Verdon+^5,7 b. 21 Mar 1317, d. 25 Jul 1349

Last Edited

24 Apr 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-32.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 105.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-31.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-5.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-6.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Verdun 8.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 106.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 256.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Plantagenet 5.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 125.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 35.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 2, p. 93.

Maud de Mortimer¹

F, #2657, b. circa 1286, d. 17 September 1312

Father*

Sir Edmund de Mortimer^1,2,3,4 b. 1251, d. 17 Jul 1304

Mother*

Maud de Fiennes^1,2 b. c 1262, d. 7 Feb 1333/34

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

circa 1286

Marriage*

29 July 1302

Wigmore, Herefordshire, England, Her maritagium included the Castle and manor of Dunamase in Ireland, 1st=Sir Theobald de Verdun^1,2,3,5

Death*

17 September 1312

Alton, Staffordshire, England, | after childbirth^1,2,3,5

Burial*

9 October 1312

Croxton Abbey, England^2,5

Event-Misc*

28 April 1302

Lic. for Edm. de Mortimer to grant Donmask Castle and Manor in Ireland to Theobald, jun., in free marriage with his d. Matilda, and for Theobald, sen. to grant to said Theobald, jun., and Matilda, 200 m. p.a. in Loghfinedy Manor, Principal=Sir Theobald de Verdun, Witness=Sir Theobald de Verdun, Witness=Sir Edmund de Mortimer⁶

Family

Sir Theobald de Verdun b. 8 Sep 1278, d. 27 Jul 1316

Children

Katherine de Verdun⁵
Joan de Verdon⁷ b. 9 Aug 1303, d. 2 Oct 1334
Elizabeth de Verdun+^1,5 b. c 1306, d. 1 May 1360
Margery de Verdun⁵ b. 10 Aug 1310, d. b 12 Oct 1363

Last Edited

17 Apr 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-32.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-6.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Mortimer 7.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Verdun 8.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 105.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 2, p. 93.

Sir Edmund de Mortimer¹

M, #2658, b. 1251, d. 17 July 1304

Father*

Sir Roger de Mortimer b. 1231, d. 27 Oct 1282; son and heir^2,3

Mother*

Maud de Braiose b. c 1226, d. b 23 Mar 1300/1; son and heir^2,4

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

1251

Birth

between 1251 and 1254

⁵

Birth

1261

^6,7

Marriage*

circa 1280

Bride=Maud de Fiennes^1,2,8,9

Marriage

circa 1285

Principal=Maud de Fiennes^6,10

Marriage

circa 1286

Conflict=Maud de Fiennes⁵

Death*

17 July 1304

Builth, Wales, mortally wounded in battle^2,6,5

Burial*

Wigmore Abbey, Wigmore, Herefordshire, England^2,5

Inquisition Post Mor

25 July 1304

he held Bridgwater, Radnor, and Wigmore Castle, and very many manors and lands, with c. 100 Kt. Fees, and left s. h. Roger 17-18.⁷

Arms*

Barry of 6 or and az. an escutcheon arg., on a chief or 3 pales between 2 gyrons az. (1, 2, 3 Nob.). The same but 2 pales (Segar).⁴

Event-Misc

1263

He was made Canon of Hereford (intention originally being to place him in the Church)⁵

Event-Misc*

7 August 1265

He was made Treasurer of York (as a benefice).⁴

Event-Misc

1282

Edmund was in command, but not present, at the Battle of Builth, where Llywelyn ap Gruffudd was killed. Edmund identified the body and carried the head to King Edward I at Rhuddlan. The head was set on a spike at the Tower of London, crowned with ivy.¹⁰

Event-Misc

8 August 1282

Made Custos of Oswalestre Castle and Hundred in minorty of Jn. FitzAlan, rendering 200 m. p.a. to Vale Royal Abbey for facric of its church, and also Custos of Arundel Castle and Honor, rendering 150 m. to same⁴

Event-Misc

November 1282

On the death of his father, he was the surviving heir, and gave up his church career, vacating his position as Canon of Hereford and Treasurer of York⁵

Event-Misc

24 November 1282

He received livery of his father's lands in Salop and Here.¹¹

Event-Misc*

December 1282

Builth, Wales, Edmund and Roger Mortimer were among those who defeated and killed Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales, Principal=Sir Roger de Mortimer⁵

Summoned*

2 May 1283

serve against the Welsh¹¹

Event-Misc

28 June 1283

He was to cause passes in Wales to be cleared of trees, each pass to be a bowshot wide, and to pursue thieves lurking in the woods¹¹

Summoned

30 September 1283

Shrewsbury, Parliament¹¹

Event-Misc*

25 June 1287

Edmund was Commissioner of Array, Salop and Staff., to serve under Gilbert, Earl of Gloucester, Principal=Sir Gilbert de Clare "the Red"¹¹

Feudal*

22 July 1287

Nene Solers Manor, Salop, as 1 Kt. Fee, late of Rob. de Mortimer of Richard's Castle¹¹

Event-Misc

1288

He was enjoined to reside on his lordships and demesnes until the rebellion of Rhys ap Meridith should be put down.⁵

Event-Misc

30 November 1288

He is ordered to fell trees and enlarge passes in Wales and to act vigorously against Rhys¹¹

(Witness) Event-Misc

18 January 1290/91

Trial was held concerning Gilbert de Clare's attack on Humphrey de Bohun, Principal=Sir Gilbert de Clare "the Red", Principal=Sir Humphrey VII de Bohun¹²

Criminal*

3 July 1291

He was accused of depriving Hawisia, wid. of Griffin ap Wenunwen of her reasonable dower¹¹

Criminal

2 October 1291

He was accused of unjustly occupying lands of Peter de Dolegayer¹¹

Summoned

between 1 August 1295 and 1302

Parliament¹¹

Event-Misc

8 November 1295

He was to take to the King all lands of alien priories in his jurisdiction¹¹

(Witness) Inquisition Post Mor

30 June 1297

Edmund de Mortimer, aged 30-33, is the elder bro. and heir of Wm. de Mortimer., Principal=Sir William de Mortimer¹¹

Summoned

7 July 1297

serve over seas, having £20 lands in Berks., Here., Salop, and Staff.¹¹

Event-Misc

13 July 1297

He is to send 200 Welsh to Hereford from his lands in the Welsh Marches, to go to Winchelsea for service over seas¹¹

Event-Misc*

12 August 1297

Lic. for Edmund de Mortimer to enfoeff Hugh le Poer of Stratfeld and Worthy Mortimer Manors, Hants., with regrant to himself and w. Margaret and his heirs., Principal=Maud de Fiennes⁷

Summoned

8 September 1297

Rochester, Council¹¹

Summoned

8 January 1298

raise 600 foot from Kedewy, Kery, and Arewosty¹¹

Summoned

6 June 1299

serve as Baron against the Scots⁷

Criminal

10 June 1299

Anian Thloyt of Montgomery complains that he took 80 of his horses, val. £100, at Menenith⁷

Event-Misc

13 April 1300

Lic. for Edmund de Mortimer, for his debts to Geof. de Genevill and w. Matilda to demise to her for 8 years lands val. £120 p.a. in Manors of Stratfeld Mortimer, Worthy Mortimer, Clebury, and Wigmore, Principal=Maud de Fiennes⁷

Event-Misc

1301

Seals letter to Pope as Lord of Wiggemore⁷

Event-Misc

10 May 1301

As son and heir of Maud de Mortimer, he has livery of her lands⁷

(Witness) Event-Misc

28 April 1302

Lic. for Edm. de Mortimer to grant Donmask Castle and Manor in Ireland to Theobald, jun., in free marriage with his d. Matilda, and for Theobald, sen. to grant to said Theobald, jun., and Matilda, 200 m. p.a. in Loghfinedy Manor, Principal=Sir Theobald de Verdun, Principal=Maud de Mortimer¹³

Event-Misc*

28 April 1302

Lic. for Edmund de Mortimer to enfoeff Joan Wake of Bruges Walteri Manor and Castle, Manors of Odycumbe and Mulverton, Som., Kyngesleone, Erlesone, and Orelton, Here., with regrant to himself and w. Margaret and his heirs., Principal=Joan FitzJohn⁷

Event-Misc

30 January 1304

Grant to his son John a mess., lands, and rents at Aure with advowson of moiety of church there, and Blydeslowe Hundred, Principal=John de Mortimer⁷

Title*

Lord Mortimer of Wigmore⁶

Feudal*

25 July 1304

Southo Manor, Hunts., as 1 Kt. Fee, late, Principal=Sir John de Ferrers¹⁴

Event-Misc*

29 July 1304

Grant to Peter de Gavaston custody of the lands of Edmund de Mortimer in minority of his heir, Principal=Piers de Gaveston⁷

Family

Maud de Fiennes b. c 1262, d. 7 Feb 1333/34

Children

John de Mortimer^7,5 d. 4 Feb 1319
Eleanor de Mortimer^7,5
Hugh de Mortimer⁵
Walter de Mortimer⁵
Edmund de Mortimer⁵
Joan de Mortimer⁵
Elizabeth de Mortimer⁵
William de Mortimer¹⁵
Maud de Mortimer+^1,2,8,5 b. c 1286, d. 17 Sep 1312
Sir Roger de Mortimer+ b. 25 Apr 1287, d. 29 Nov 1330; son and heir^2,16,17,7,5

Last Edited

17 Apr 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-32.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 3, p. 213.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 3, p. 215.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Mortimer 7.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 147-4.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 3, p. 217.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-6.
[S320] Charles Evans, "Two Mortimer Notes", p. 16.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 179.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 3, p. 216.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 3, p. 207.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 105.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 2, p. 16.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 180.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 28-31.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 147-5.

Maud de Fiennes¹

F, #2659, b. circa 1262, d. 7 February 1333/34

Father*

Sir William de Fiennes^2,3,4 b. c 1245, d. 11 Jul 1302

Mother*

Blanche de Brienne^2,3,4 b. c 1252, d. 1302

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

circa 1262

of Picardy, Normandy, France²

Marriage*

circa 1280

2nd=Sir Edmund de Mortimer^1,2,5,6

Marriage

circa 1285

Principal=Sir Edmund de Mortimer^4,7

Marriage

circa 1286

Conflict=Sir Edmund de Mortimer⁸

Death*

7 February 1333/34

^2,4,8

Name Variation

Margaret de Fiennes^9,10

Name Variation

Margaret de Fiennes²

Event-Misc*

30 December 1284

She received her dower lands and c. 34 Kt. Fees, with Radnor and Knoklas Castles.¹¹

Event-Misc*

12 August 1297

Lic. for Edmund de Mortimer to enfoeff Hugh le Poer of Stratfeld and Worthy Mortimer Manors, Hants., with regrant to himself and w. Margaret and his heirs., Principal=Sir Edmund de Mortimer¹¹

Event-Misc

13 April 1300

Event-Misc

1306

Kingsland, Herefordshire, England, She was granted a weekly market and yearly fair⁸

Event-Misc

1326

The King ordered her removed to Elstow Abbey for holding meetings of suspected persons at Radnor and Worcester⁸

Event-Misc

7 October 1330

Indult to Margaret that her confessor may give to her plenary absolution in the hour of her death.¹¹

Family

Sir Edmund de Mortimer b. 1251, d. 17 Jul 1304

Children

John de Mortimer¹¹ d. 4 Feb 1319
Eleanor de Mortimer¹¹
Hugh de Mortimer⁸
Walter de Mortimer⁸
Edmund de Mortimer⁸
Joan de Mortimer⁸
Elizabeth de Mortimer⁸
William de Mortimer¹²
Maud de Mortimer+^1,2 b. c 1286, d. 17 Sep 1312
Sir Roger de Mortimer+^2,4 b. 25 Apr 1287, d. 29 Nov 1330

Last Edited

17 Apr 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-32.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 120-31.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 147-4.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-6.
[S320] Charles Evans, "Two Mortimer Notes", p. 16.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 179.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Mortimer 7.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Brienne 7.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 106.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 3, p. 217.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 180.

Sir Theobald de Verdun¹

M, #2660, b. circa 1248, d. before 24 August 1309

Father*

Sir John de Verdun² b. c 1226, d. 1 Oct 1274

Mother*

Margaret de Lacy of Dulek^2,3 d. 1256

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

circa 1248

^1,4,5,6

Birth

circa 1249

⁶

Marriage*

before 6 November 1276

Her maritagium included a quarter interest in the manor and hundred of Bisley, Gloucestershire, 2nd=Margery de Bohun^1,4,6

Death*

before 24 August 1309

Alton, Staffordshire, England, | holding Braundon Castle as 1 Fee, mess. and lands at Bretford and Fleckenho, Warw., Manors of Codesbech and Neubold, advowsons there and at Boseworth and Skeftynton, Leic., Cliveton Manor, Staff., Ewyas Laci and Webbley Castles each as 1 Fee in Here., mess. at Byseley, Glou., Manors of La Hethe, Oxon., Farnham, Bucks., Stoke on Tirne, Ewyas, Ludelowe, 2 1/2 Fees, and leaving s. h. Theobald, 31 on 8 Sep 1309^1,4,6,7

Burial*

13 October 1309

Croxden Abbey^6,8

Feudal*

Alton, Staffordshire, Weobley and Ewyas, Herefordshire, Ludlow, Shropshire, Brandon (in Wolston), Bretford (in Wolston), and Flecknoe (in Wolfhamcote), Warwickshire, Dundalk and Castle Rocheco Louth, Duleek, co. Meath⁹

Name Variation

Sir Thebaud de Verdun⁶

Arms*

De or frette de goules (Parl., Charles, St. George, Segar, Camden, Cuillim, Dering, 1 Nob.). The same, on a shield between 2 lions passant gardant (Baron's Seals).⁵

Name Variation

Verdon⁵

Occupation*

Constable of Ireland^1,9

Event-Misc*

13 May 1272

Going to Ireland, he nominates his son Theobald as his attorney., Principal=Sir John de Verdun¹⁰

Event-Misc*

7 November 1274

He had livery of his father's and mother's lands, having made fine in 200 m. for not coming to the King in England to have seisin⁵

Event-Misc*

7 December 1274

He had livery of the lands of his g. m. Roesia de Lacy, Principal=Rohese de Verdun⁵

Event-Misc

May 1276

She has recovered against Theobald de Verdon her dower of his lands in Elgnad, but he shall have rents from Webbeleye, Ewyas, and Ludlow, Principal=Eleanor de Bohun⁵

Summoned*

1 July 1277

serve against the Welsh, he acknowledges 1 Kt. Fee for his paternal inheritance, and 2 1/2 Fees for that of Walter de Lascy, and will serve per 7 serjeants⁵

Event-Misc

12 November 1279

Complaint re his causing beasts of Lanthony Priory at Old Castle and Red Castle Manors, Here., to be driven to his castle of Ewyas, where some of them were starved⁵

Event-Misc

17 May 1282

Safe conduct for his men coming from Ireland with corn, wine, and victuals for the army of Wales⁵

Event-Misc

21 March 1283

His bailiffs are to send 60 men from Ewyas to the army⁵

Summoned

30 September 1283

Shrewsbury, Parliament⁵

Event-Misc

July 1284

Constable of Ireland, he owes £200, to be paid in 4 instalments from his Manors of Farnham and La Sere⁷

Event-Misc

13 September 1284

Going to Ireland, he nominates Thos. de Verdon as his attorney, and is to receive his Irish to the King's peace⁷

Criminal*

1291

found guilty of high treason for "divers transgressions and disorders" but released on payment of 500 m.⁶

Event-Misc

6 February 1292

Quittance of fine for not appearing at the eyre, as he was then staying with the King.⁷

Summoned

from 24 June 1295 to 11 June 1309

Parliament by writs directed Theobaldo de Verdun⁶

Summoned

2 January 1296

serve against the Scots⁷

Event-Misc*

14 July 1297

Event-Misc

12 April 1299

He was accused of harassing Lanthony Priory in the parts of Ewyas⁷

Event-Misc

1301

He signed the baron's letter to Pope Boniface D'n's de Webbele⁹

Event-Misc

28 May 1301

The King asks him either to go in person or send Theobald, jun⁷

(Witness) Event-Misc

28 April 1302

Lic. for Edm. de Mortimer to grant Donmask Castle and Manor in Ireland to Theobald, jun., in free marriage with his d. Matilda, and for Theobald, sen. to grant to said Theobald, jun., and Matilda, 200 m. p.a. in Loghfinedy Manor, Principal=Sir Theobald de Verdun, Principal=Maud de Mortimer⁷

Title*

1st Lord Verdun¹

Title

Lord of Dulek¹

Family

Margery de Bohun d. b 1304

Children

John de Verdun⁷ d. 6 Jun 1297
Sir Nicholas de Verdun¹¹
Sir Theobald de Verdun+^1,4 b. 8 Sep 1278, d. 27 Jul 1316
Michael de Verdun¹² b. c 1280

Last Edited

8 Oct 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-31.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-30.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-4.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-5.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 104.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Verdun 7.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 105.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 256.
[S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Verdun 5.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 103.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 106.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 107.

Margery de Bohun¹

F, #2661, d. before 1304

Father*

Sir Humphrey VI de Bohun¹ d. 27 Oct 1265

Mother*

Eleanor de Braiose¹ d. b 1264

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Marriage*

before 1265

Robert apparently died before the marriage was consummated, Groom=Robert de W____²

Marriage*

before 6 November 1276

Her maritagium included a quarter interest in the manor and hundred of Bisley, Gloucestershire, Groom=Sir Theobald de Verdun^3,4,2

Death*

before 1304

⁵

Living*

1280

Family

Sir Theobald de Verdun b. c 1248, d. b 24 Aug 1309

Children

John de Verdun⁶ d. 6 Jun 1297
Sir Nicholas de Verdun⁷
Sir Theobald de Verdun+^3,4 b. 8 Sep 1278, d. 27 Jul 1316
Michael de Verdun⁸ b. c 1280

Last Edited

8 Oct 2005

Citations

[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Bohun 6.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Verdun 7.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-31.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-5.
[S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Verdun 5.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 105.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 106.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 107.

Margaret de Lacy of Dulek¹

F, #2662, d. 1256

Father*

Gilbert de Lacy^2,3,4 b. c 1200, d. b 25 Dec 1230

Mother*

Isabel Bigod^2,3,4 b. c 1210

Marriage

before Easter 1242

1st=Sir John de Verdun⁵

Marriage*

before 14 May 1244

Conflict=Sir John de Verdun^1,3,6

Death*

1256

^1,6,7

Note*

She was coheir of Wentliana and of Walter de Lacy. She was d. of Gilb., and g.d. h. of Walter de Lacy of Ewyas Lacy and Weobley, Hereford.⁸

Name Variation

Margery⁹

Event-Misc*

1240

She became heir to her grandfather, Walter de Lacy, Baron of Weobley, Herefordshire, Lord of Meath in Ireland, by which she inherited half of Weobley barony, including the castels and falf the manors of Weobley and Ewyas Lacy, Herefordshire, the Borough of Ludlow, Shropshire, and the manors of Eastleach Turville, Gloucestershire, Stoke upon Tern, Shropshire, Bishampton and Stanford on Teme.⁹

Family

Sir John de Verdun b. c 1226, d. 1 Oct 1274

Children

Sir Nicholas de Verdun⁷ d. b 5 Aug 1271
Sir John de Verdun⁷ d. 28 Jun 1271
Thomas de Verdun⁷
Sir Theobald de Verdun+^1,6 b. c 1248, d. b 24 Aug 1309

Last Edited

8 Oct 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-30.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-29.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-3.
[S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Wilton 3.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-4.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Wilton 6.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 104.
[S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Verdun 4.

Sir John de Verdun^1,2

M, #2663, b. circa 1226, d. 1 October 1274

Father*

Theobald Butler^1,4 b. 1200, d. 19 Jul 1230

Mother*

Rohese de Verdun^1,3,4 b. c 1200, d. b 22 Feb 1246

Father

William Verdun³ d. b 1225

Alton, Staffordshire, England^3,5

Birth*

circa 1226

^4,2

Marriage

before Easter 1242

Bride=Margaret de Lacy of Dulek⁶

Marriage*

before 14 May 1244

Conflict=Margaret de Lacy of Dulek^1,3,4

Marriage*

before 1267

Bride=Eleanor de Bohun^2,5

Death*

1 October 1274

⁷

Death

17 October 1274

shortly before 17 Oct 1274, holding Stoke and Wivelesford Manors, Wilts., Cotesbeche Manor, and lands at Neubold, Lutterworth, and Butlesby, Leic., Manors of Stok and Aldeleg, and lands at Ludlow, Salop, Alveton Manor and many lands in Staff., Webbele and a moiety of Ewyas Lascy, both held with moiety of Ludlow for half a Barony, doing service of 7 1/2 Kt. Fees. Also 4 1/2 Fees at Branndon, 1/2 Fee at Flekeho, and lands at Bretford, Warw., and Hethe Manor, Oxon. He left s. h. Sir Theobald, 22.⁸

Death

21 October 1274

Ireland, poisoned^1,3,4,2

Feudal

Alton, Staffordshire, Farnham, Buckinghamshire, Bittesby, Lutterworth, and Newbold Verdon, Leicestershire, Brandon, Bretford, and Flecknoe, Warwickshire, Wilsford, Wiltshire⁵

Protection

May 1248

to Ireland⁹

Feudal*

28 December 1252

Wrthinton Manor, Leic., as 1 Kt. Fee¹⁰

Feudal

16 January 1257

Ritton, Salop¹⁰

Event-Misc

December 1259

He was appointed a justice in eyre for Salop, Stafford, Warwick, Leicester, and Lincoln⁹

Summoned*

1260

aid the King in London⁹

Protection*

16 July 1261

to Ireland with Prince Edward¹⁰

Event-Misc

24 December 1263

He was made a Keeper of Salop and Staffordshire¹⁰

Event-Misc

Michaelmas 1265

He seized Wycumbe Manor, Bucks., of the Bp. of Winchester, lands at Lit. Merlawe, Bucks., and at Suckot, Middlesex, and took crops from lands of rebels at Stanwell, Middlesex. He took lands of Gilb. de Ymeworth val. 100/- at Surrey after Evesham, and lands of Sir. Ric. de Mundevile at Flechenho, Warwickshire¹⁰

Event-Misc

17 October 1265

Escheated houses were granted to him in Flete Street, London¹⁰

Event-Misc

1 February 1266

He is to defend Worcestershire against the King' s enemies¹⁰

Event-Misc*

1 August 1266

John de Verdon held loyally to the King in the disturbances, but Sir Rob. de Ferrers, E. of Derby, took his castle of Alveton, Leicestershire, Principal=Sir Robert de Ferrers¹⁰

Event-Misc

27 November 1266

Grant of murage 5 years for his town of Lodelawe¹⁰

Feudal

20 January 1268

Kt. Fees in Warw., late of Wm., E. of Warwick¹⁰

Event-Misc

20 June 1268

Gone to Ireland on his own affairs, he nominates attorneys¹⁰

Event-Misc*

25 July 1270

Protection for 4 years, going on crusade to the Holy Land with the King and Prince Edward, and exemption 4 years from summons in eyre^2,10

Feudal

2 November 1270

1 Kt. Fee at Butlisby, Leic., late of Roger, E. of Winchester¹⁰

Event-Misc

15 January 1270/71

He witnessed a charter of Prince Edward in Sicily while on crusade^9,5

Event-Misc*

13 May 1272

Going to Ireland, he nominates his son Theobald as his attorney., Principal=Sir Theobald de Verdun¹⁰

Note*

He took the side of King Henry III in the conflict with Simon de Monfort²

Event-Misc

Dundalk, Louth., Scotland, He founded the Franciscan Priory of Dundalk²

Arms*

Or, a fret gules²

Arms

D'or frettey de goules (Glover)¹⁰

Name Variation

Verdon¹⁰

Family 1

Eleanor de Bohun

Child

Maud de Verdun²

Family 2

Margaret de Lacy of Dulek d. 1256

Children

Sir Nicholas de Verdun² d. b 5 Aug 1271
Sir John de Verdun² d. 28 Jun 1271
Thomas de Verdun²
Sir Theobald de Verdun+¹ b. c 1248, d. b 24 Aug 1309

Last Edited

8 Oct 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-30.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Wilton 6.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-4.
[S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Verdun 4.
[S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Wilton 3.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 71-30.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 104.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 250.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 103.

Rohese de Verdun¹

F, #2664, b. circa 1200, d. before 22 February 1246

Father*

Nicholas de Verdun^2,3,4 b. c 1174, d. Apr 1232

Mother*

Joan de Lacy³ b. c 1178

Mother

Clemencia (?)⁵

Rohese de Verdun|b. c 1200\nd. b 22 Feb 1246|p89.htm#i2664|Nicholas de Verdun|b. c 1174\nd. Apr 1232|p101.htm#i3011|Joan de Lacy|b. c 1178|p141.htm#i4202|Bertram de Verdon|d. 1192|p141.htm#i4216|Roesia (?)|d. 1215|p141.htm#i4217|Walter d. Lacy|b. c 1150|p353.htm#i10579||||

Birth*

circa 1200

of Alton, Staffordshire, England³

Marriage

after 4 September 1225

when the King requested the marriage, 2nd=Theobald Butler^3,4

Marriage*

Principal=William Verdun³

Death*

before 22 February 1246

⁴

Burial*

Grace Dieu Monastery, Leicestershire, England³

Name Variation

de Verdon⁴

Name Variation

Rohesia⁶

Event-Misc*

Grace Dieu Monastery, Leicestershire, England, She founded Grace Dieu Monastery⁴

Event-Misc*

7 December 1274

He had livery of the lands of his g. m. Roesia de Lacy, Principal=Sir Theobald de Verdun⁷

Family

Theobald Butler b. 1200, d. 19 Jul 1230

Children

Theobald de Verdun⁸
Theobald de Verdun⁸
Maud le Boteler+^2,3 b. c 1225, d. 27 Nov 1283
Sir John de Verdun+^1,3,9 b. c 1226, d. 1 Oct 1274

Last Edited

6 Feb 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-30.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 149-28.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S287] G. E. C[okayne], CP, II - 448.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 71-28.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 71-29.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 104.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 47.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-4.

Theobald Butler^1,2

M, #2665, b. 1200, d. 19 July 1230

Father*

Theobald FitzWalter^3,4 b. c 1160, d. bt 4 Aug 1205 - 14 Feb 1206

Mother*

Maud le Vavasour^3,4 b. c 1187, d. b 1226

Theobald Butler|b. 1200\nd. 19 Jul 1230|p89.htm#i2665|Theobald FitzWalter|b. c 1160\nd. bt 4 Aug 1205 - 14 Feb 1206|p140.htm#i4200|Maud le Vavasour|b. c 1187\nd. b 1226|p141.htm#i4201|Hervey Walter||p141.htm#i4203|Maud de Valoignes||p141.htm#i4204|Sir Robert le Vavasour|b. c 1160\nd. 1227|p141.htm#i4211|Juliana de Multon|b. c 1164|p141.htm#i4212|

Birth*

1200

^3,2

Marriage*

Groom=Joan du Marais^3,2

Marriage

after 4 September 1225

when the King requested the marriage, Bride=Rohese de Verdun^3,2

Death*

19 July 1230

Poitou, France^3,2

Burial*

Abbey of Arklow, Wicklow, Ireland^3,2

Name Variation

Thebaud le Boteler⁵

Name Variation

Theobald le Botiller³

Occupation*

Lord Justice²

Event-Misc

2 July 1221

He had livery of his lands⁶

Event-Misc*

26 October 1229

He was summonded cum equis et armis to attend the King into Brittany²

Family 1

Joan du Marais d. b 4 Sep 1225

Child

Theobald Butler+^3,2 b. c 1223, d. 1248

Family 2

Rohese de Verdun b. c 1200, d. b 22 Feb 1246

Children

Theobald de Verdun⁶
Theobald de Verdun⁶
Maud le Boteler+^7,3 b. c 1225, d. 27 Nov 1283
Sir John de Verdun+^1,8 b. c 1226, d. 1 Oct 1274

Last Edited

8 Oct 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-30.
[S287] G. E. C[okayne], CP, II - 448.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S287] G. E. C[okayne], CP, II - 447.
[S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Verdun 4.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 47.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 134-3.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-4.

Gilbert de Lacy¹

M, #2666, b. circa 1200, d. before 25 December 1230

Father*

Walter de Lacy^1,2,3 b. c 1172, d. Feb 1241

Mother*

Margaret de Braiose^1,2,3 b. c 1177, d. 19 Nov 1200

Gilbert de Lacy|b. c 1200\nd. b 25 Dec 1230|p89.htm#i2666|Walter de Lacy|b. c 1172\nd. Feb 1241|p89.htm#i2667|Margaret de Braiose|b. c 1177\nd. 19 Nov 1200|p89.htm#i2668|Hugh de Lacey|d. 25 Jul 1185|p210.htm#i6300|Rose of Monmouth||p211.htm#i6301|William de Braiose|b. c 1144\nd. 9 Aug 1211|p89.htm#i2669|Maud St. Valery "Lady of La Haie"|b. c 1148\nd. 1210|p89.htm#i2670|

Ewyas Lacy, Herefordshire⁴

Marriage*

1st=Isabel Bigod^1,2,5

Birth*

circa 1200

Death*

before 25 December 1230

⁴

Burial*

Llanthony, Wales^2,4

Arms*

Or, a lion purpure⁶

Event-Misc*

August 1215

He was hostage for his father⁴

Family

Isabel Bigod b. c 1210

Children

Margaret de Lacy of Dulek+^1,2,5 d. 1256
Walter de Lacy⁷
Maud de Lacy+² b. c 1230, d. 11 Apr 1304

Last Edited

8 Oct 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-29.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 4-3.
[S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Verdun 3.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-3.
[S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Verdun 4.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 120.

Walter de Lacy¹

M, #2667, b. circa 1172, d. February 1241

Father*

Hugh de Lacey^2,3 d. 25 Jul 1185

Mother*

Rose of Monmouth²

Walter de Lacy|b. c 1172\nd. Feb 1241|p89.htm#i2667|Hugh de Lacey|d. 25 Jul 1185|p210.htm#i6300|Rose of Monmouth||p211.htm#i6301|Gilbert d. Lacey|b. c 1104\nd. 1163|p211.htm#i6302|Agnes (?)|b. c 1108|p352.htm#i10558|Badeion of Monmouth||p273.htm#i8189|Rohesa d. Clare||p273.htm#i8190|

Birth*

circa 1172

Ewias Lacy, Hereford, England^2,3

Marriage*

Principal=Margaret de Braiose^1,2,4

Death*

February 1241

Meath, Ireland^2,3,4

DNB*

Lacy, Walter de (d. 1241), magnate, was the eldest son of Hugh de Lacy (d. 1186) and Rose (d. before 1180), widow of Baderon of Monmouth (d. 1170×76), and the elder brother of Hugh de Lacy (d. 1242).
Recovery of his inheritance
A minor at the time of his father's death in 1186, Walter de Lacy succeeded to Hugh's estates in England, Wales, and Normandy during the final quarter of the year 1188/9. He had difficulty gaining possession of his father's Irish lordship of Mide, because John, son of Henry II, sought to retain it in his own hands to maximize his wealth as lord of Ireland. It was not until John had rebelled against King Richard and the king had assumed lordship of Ireland in person in 1194 that Lacy gained full possession of Mide. King Richard appointed Lacy and the lord of Ulster, John de Courcy, as his justiciars in Ireland in place of John's agents, Peter Pipard and William Petit. When the latter resisted their removal, Lacy and Courcy waged war against them. Following John's reconciliation with King Richard, Lacy and Courcy were replaced by John's nominee, Hamo de Valognes. About the same time, John issued a charter restoring Mide to Lacy to hold on the same terms as had his father on the day of his death. On 5 July 1194 Lacy established a borough at Drogheda, conferring on it the customs of Breteuil, an early indication of his interest in the economic exploitation of his Irish lordship.

In 1198 Lacy negotiated a proffer of 3100 marks to recover King Richard's goodwill and his Norman and English lands (except Ludlow Castle), an earlier offer of 1000 marks in 1197 having been rejected. An order issued by King John shortly after his accession hints at why this was necessary. The king instructed his justiciar in Ireland on 4 September 1199, in the context of restoring to royal favour Henry Tirel, to inquire whether Henry ‘had sided with John de Courcy and Walter de Lacy and aided them in destroying the king's land of Ireland’ (Rotuli de oblatis et finibus, 74). It may be that John, as lord of Ireland, had persuaded King Richard to sequestrate Lacy's lands in England and Normandy for actions taken in Ireland; alternatively, Richard may have taken exception to Lacy's subsequently reaching an accommodation with John in respect of his Irish lands, and sought to maintain his overriding lordship there.
Service to King John
Between September 1199 and March 1201 Walter de Lacy witnessed charters issued by King John, suggesting that he was retained in the royal retinue, while about October 1200 Meiler fitz Henry, justiciar in Ireland, was directed to take hostages from Lacy's principal tenants in Mide. About November 1200 Lacy's marriage was arranged to Margaret or Margery, daughter of William (III) de Briouze, a baron with extensive holdings in the Welsh marches, who had been newly created lord of the honour of Limerick. The alliance was of mutual benefit: Briouze supervised Lacy's estates in the marches, while Lacy in turn guarded his father-in-law's Irish interests.

On 10 February 1204 the king, in a letter requesting an aid from the clergy of Ireland for his campaign in Normandy, stated that he was sending Lacy as a messenger to them. In that year, however, Walter de Lacy lost his Norman lands at Lassy, Campeaux, and Le Pin to King Philip Augustus of France, who had granted the greater part of them to his own nominees by 1205. In the meantime Lacy acted on King John's behalf in negotiations with Cathal Ó Conchobhair, king of Connacht, and between Meiler fitz Henry and William de Burgh. On 31 August 1204 the king addressed a letter jointly to the justiciar and Walter de Lacy ordering the summons to the king of Lacy's former ally John de Courcy. If Courcy failed to respond, eight cantreds of his land nearest Mide were to be granted to Lacy and to his brother Hugh. Walter assisted Hugh in the expulsion of Courcy from Ulster, and when in 1205 Courcy attempted to retake Ulster by force with the help of his brother-in-law Ragnvald, king of Man, it was Walter de Lacy who repulsed them. On 30 June 1205 the king ordered Meiler fitz Henry as justiciar to take heed of the advice of Hugh de Lacy, newly created earl of Ulster, who was to be his coadjutor, and of Walter.
Conflict with King John
Walter de Lacy's ties with his father-in-law, William de Briouze, probably served only to extend to Lacy the mistrust that John already felt towards Briouze; in any case the king was suspicious of the power of magnates like Lacy, Briouze, and William (I) Marshal, who held substantial lands both in the Welsh marches and in Ireland. On 2 November 1204 the king had instructed Lacy to hand over to Meiler fitz Henry Limerick, custody of which Lacy was exercising on behalf of Briouze. By 23 August 1205 the king had changed tack and restored the custody of Limerick to Briouze, on whose behalf Lacy was still acting, provided that Briouze gave sureties for arrears that he owed for the farm and tallage of the city. A drastic deterioration in Lacy's relations with the king was signalled on 21 February 1207, when John addressed a letter to the barons of Mide and Leinster thanking them for their loyalty in the dispute between Meiler fitz Henry and Walter de Lacy over the city of Limerick. On 14 April 1207 Lacy was summoned to England to answer charges, pending the hearing of which his lands in Ireland were not to be confiscated. On 26 May 1207 the king had to rebuke his barons in Leinster and Mide for demands that they had made of his justiciar, seeking restoration of Uí Failge in north Leinster to the lord of Leinster, William Marshal, without the consent of the king. Meiler had earlier taken Uí Failge into the king's hand by royal order. There was then a concerted move by William Marshal and Walter de Lacy against Meiler, who was a tenant of both magnates. A substantial force from Leinster harried the lands that Meiler held of Lacy in Mide and besieged the castle of Ardnurcher for five weeks; shortly thereafter Meiler was taken prisoner and obliged to give hostages for his good conduct to William Marshal's wife, Isabel, at Kilkenny Castle. Thus forced to compromise, by 5 December the king had reached an accommodation with Lacy, granting him custody of the cantred of Ardmayle, Tipperary. On 19 March 1208 Meiler was instructed that Lacy enjoyed the king's peace and that Meiler was not to wage war on him, his men, or his lands in Ireland. On 24 April 1208 Lacy received a revised charter confirming Mide for fifty knights' fees, but under more restricted terms.

The period of harmony between John and the Anglo-Norman magnates did not last. By 1210, when John mounted an expedition in person to Ireland, Walter de Lacy's relations with the king had again worsened. He became embroiled in the conflict between John and his father-in-law, William de Briouze, after Briouze had fallen from grace, rebelled, and fled across the Irish Sea. After the king's landing in Ireland, Lacy's seneschal, William Petit, proffered submission on his behalf to John on 28 June 1210, seeking to dissociate Lacy from the plunder committed by his brother Hugh in Ulster and Mide, and pleading that both Walter and his tenants had suffered much at the hands of Hugh. Nevertheless, Walter de Lacy's English and Irish estates were confiscated by the king. The profits accruing to the crown from the lordship of Mide are indicated in detail on the surviving Irish pipe roll from John's reign for 1211/12 and amounted to a substantial annual income in excess of £770, not including renders in kind.
Reconciliation and recovery of lands
The baronial revolt in England afforded an opportunity for Walter de Lacy's reconciliation with King John. The alliance formed between the baronial opposition and the Welsh ruler Llywelyn ab Iorwerth threatened the security of the Welsh marches and made Lacy a natural ally of the king. On 1 July 1213 John granted Walter permission to travel to England, probably from Normandy. On 29 July 1213 his English lands were restored, except Ludlow Castle, which was not recovered until 1215. Lacy took part in John's expedition to Poitou in 1214. On 5 July 1215 he recovered his Irish lands, apart from the castle of Drogheda, having proffered 40,000 marks. His son was to remain as a hostage until full payment was completed. On 18 August 1216 Lacy was appointed castellan and sheriff of Hereford (an office that he exercised until Henry III's partial coming of age in November 1223). On 30 August 1216 he was appointed custos of the vacant see of Hereford. He was a witness to King John's will at Newark in October 1216.

Lacy played an important part in ensuring the loyalty of the Welsh marches during the civil war, and he subsequently served on the early council of regency at the beginning of Henry III's minority. These activities allowed him little time to visit his estates in Mide, and he appears to have looked to his half-brother, William Gorm (d. 1233), whose mother was a daughter of Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair, king of Connacht, to represent his interests there. William had been taken captive by King John during his Irish expedition, but Lacy negotiated his release by 10 February 1215. The annals of Clonmacnoise recount that William's arrival in Ireland in 1215 aroused ‘great contention and wars between the English of the south of Ireland’ (Annals of Clonmacnoise, 228), obliging Lacy to give the king security for the past excesses and future behaviour of his half-brother.
Return to Ireland
In 1220 Walter de Lacy was back in Ireland after a ten-year absence. He led a great hosting against Ó Raghallaig of east Bréifne and captured his crannog (island fortification) on Lough Oughter. In 1221 Lacy granted Bréifne from Lough Oughter to Lough Erne to his vassal, Philip de Angulo; however, a letter written in 1224 by Cathal Ó Conchobhair, king of Connacht, to Henry III complained that Bréifne had been seized by William Gorm. About 1223 Lacy's brother Hugh, having failed to negotiate the recovery of the earldom of Ulster that King John had taken from him, arrived in Ireland and proceeded to wage war against the Anglo-Norman colonists in alliance with Aodh Ó Néill, king of Tír Eoghain. By 10 June 1224, when Walter de Lacy and the justiciar William (II) Marshal were sent to restore order, war had engulfed Mide and Ulster. In consideration of the excesses committed by the men of Mide in harbouring Hugh de Lacy and pillaging the king's land, Walter had been obliged about March 1224 to agree to the delivery of his castles of Ludlow and Trim into the king's hand for two years. On 13 May 1225 Walter de Lacy was charged 3000 marks for recovery of his Irish lands which had been taken by the king ‘because of the war waged against the king by Hugh de Lacy in Ireland’ (Rotuli litterarum clausarum, 2.39b).
Religious patronage, bankruptcy, and death
Walter de Lacy's fines to the king in 1198, 1213, and 1225, together with his castle building activities in Mide and on the Welsh marches, as well as his ecclesiastical benefactions, involved him in considerable financial liabilities. None the less he was able to make donations in Ireland to Llanthony Prima, Gwent, which had a cell at Duleek in Meath, and Llanthony Secunda, Gloucestershire, which had a cell at Colp, also in Meath, to Fore Priory, Westmeath, and to St Thomas's Abbey, Dublin; he founded a house of Benedictine nuns at Ballymore Loughswedy in Westmeath and a small Cistercian house at Beybeg, Meath, as a daughter house of Beaubec in Normandy, and a Grandmontine house at Craswell, Herefordshire. For more than two decades before his death in 1241 he was heavily reliant on money loans from Jewish financiers to service his debts. A plea roll of the exchequer of the Jews of 1244, which records details of debts owing in that year to the family of Hamo of Hereford, reveals that at the time of his death Walter de Lacy was in debt to Hamo to the sum of £1266 13s. 4d. During the minority of Henry III Lacy had been able to postpone payment of the annual sums due from his fines; the fact that he was sheriff of Hereford from 1216 to 1223 had also facilitated mutually advantageous relations with Hamo. However, after Hamo's death in 1232, when his family had to meet a relief of 6000 marks imposed by the crown, it became necessary for them to pursue creditors more urgently. Following representations by a number of Jews for recovery of debts owed by Lacy, the crown on 19 November 1240 issued orders for the distraint of his estates.

At the time of his death in early 1241, apparently before 28 February, Walter de Lacy was blind and feeble, bankrupt, and without male heirs. His only son, Gilbert, who married Isabella, daughter of Ralph Bigod, died in 1234, leaving a son, Walter, and two daughters, Matilda and Margaret. This Walter was alive in 1238, and married a daughter of Theobald Butler (d. 1205), but predeceased his grandfather without heirs. Henry III took this opportunity to dispense patronage by arranging the marriages of the Lacy sisters, now coheirs of the Lacy estates, to noted royal servants. Margaret married John de Verdon, and Matilda married Pierre de Genevre and afterwards Geoffrey de Geneville.

M. T. Flanagan
Sources

administrative records of the English royal chancery and exchequer, 1186–1242 · O. Davies and D. B. Quinn, eds., ‘Irish pipe roll of 14 John, 1211–1212’, Ulster Journal of Archaeology, 3rd ser., 4 (1941), 16–19, 34–5 [suppl.] · index and corrigenda, Ulster Journal of Archaeology, 3rd ser., 53, index 1–6 · J. Mills and M. J. McEnery, eds., Calendar of the Gormanston register (1916), 177–8, 180–81, 190 · P. Meyer, ed., L'histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal, 3 vols. (Paris, 1891–1901), lines 10289–340, 13679–786, 14181–232 · Paris, Chron., 4.93, 174 · W. M. Hennessy and B. MacCarthy, eds., Annals of Ulster, otherwise, annals of Senat, 4 vols. (1887–1901), vol. 2, s.a. 1195, 1201, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1207, 1222 · W. M. Hennessy, ed. and trans., The annals of Loch Cé: a chronicle of Irish affairs from AD 1014 to AD 1590, 2 vols., Rolls Series, 54 (1871), s.a. 1207, 1221, 1223, 1233, 1234, 1241 · J. Hillaby, ‘Colonisation, crisis management and debt: Walter de Lacy and the lordship of Meath, 1189–1241’, Ríocht na Midhe, 8/4 (1992–3), 1–50 · D. Murphy, ed., The annals of Clonmacnoise, trans. C. Mageoghagan (1896); facs. edn (1993), 228 · E. St J. Brooks, ed., The Irish cartularies of Llanthony prima and secunda, IMC (1953), 82–4, 213–16, 220–21, 245–6 · Dugdale, Monasticon, new edn, 6/2.1035 · M. P. Mac Síthigh, ‘Cairteacha Meán-Aoiseacha do Mhainistir Fhobhair (XII–XII céad)’, Seanchas Ardmhacha, 4 (1960–61), 171–5; calendared in J. H. Round, Documents preserved in France, 918–1206 (1899), 105 · J. H. Round, ed., Calendar of documents preserved in France, illustrative of the history of Great Britain and Ireland (1899), 105–6 · G. Mac Niocaill, ‘Cairt le Walter de Lacy’, Galvia, 11 (1977), 54–6 · G. Mac Niocaill, Na Buirgéisí, XII–XV aois, 1 (Dublin, 1964), 172–3 · J. T. Gilbert, ed., Register of the abbey of St Thomas, Dublin, Rolls Series, 94 (1889), 11–13, 419–20 · J. Brownbill, ed., The coucher book of Furness Abbey, 2/3, Chetham Society, new ser., 78 (1919), 716–18 · Rymer, Foedera, new edn, 1/1.144–5 · T. D. Hardy, ed., Rotuli de oblatis et finibus, RC (1835), 74 · T. D. Hardy, ed., Rotuli litterarum clausarum, RC, 2 (1834)
© Oxford University Press 2004–5
All rights reserved: see legal notice Oxford University Press

M. T. Flanagan, ‘Lacy, Walter de (d. 1241)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/15864, accessed 24 Sept 2005]

Walter de Lacy (d. 1241): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15864⁵

Title*

Lord of Meath¹

Event-Misc*

Easter 1215

John le Strange, Hugh de Mortimer, Walter de Lacy, and Walter de Clifford were the only knights of Shorpshire who had not born arms against King John by, Principal=Sir John le Strange, Witness=Hugh de Mortimer, Witness=Walter de Clifford⁶

Event-Misc*

circa 1220

Cladock, He founded the Priory⁷

Family

Margaret de Braiose b. c 1177, d. 19 Nov 1200

Children

Katherine de Lacy⁷
Thomas de Lacy⁷
Rohese de Lacy⁷
Petronilla de Lacey^2,7 d. a 1288
Gilbert de Lacy+^1,2,4 b. c 1200, d. b 25 Dec 1230
Egidia de Lacy+^2,7 b. c 1200

Last Edited

24 Sep 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-29.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 177A-7.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 4-3.
[S376] Unknown editor, unknown short title.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 232.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 119.

Margaret de Braiose¹

F, #2668, b. circa 1177, d. 19 November 1200

Father*

William de Braiose^1,2 b. c 1144, d. 9 Aug 1211

Mother*

Maud St. Valery "Lady of La Haie"^1,2 b. c 1148, d. 1210

Margaret de Braiose|b. c 1177\nd. 19 Nov 1200|p89.htm#i2668|William de Braiose|b. c 1144\nd. 9 Aug 1211|p89.htm#i2669|Maud St. Valery "Lady of La Haie"|b. c 1148\nd. 1210|p89.htm#i2670|William de Braiose|b. c 1112\nd. a 1179|p90.htm#i2693|Bertha of Hereford|b. 1123|p90.htm#i2692|Reginald d. St. Valery|d. 1166|p142.htm#i4234||||

Birth*

circa 1177

Abergavenny, Brecknock, Wales²

Marriage*

Principal=Walter de Lacy^1,2,3

Death*

19 November 1200

⁴

Name Variation

Margery de Braiose⁵

Family

Walter de Lacy b. c 1172, d. Feb 1241

Children

Katherine de Lacy⁶
Thomas de Lacy⁶
Rohese de Lacy⁶
Petronilla de Lacey² d. a 1288
Gilbert de Lacy+^1,2,3 b. c 1200, d. b 25 Dec 1230
Egidia de Lacy+² b. c 1200

Last Edited

15 May 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-29.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 4-3.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 40.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 177A-7.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 119.

William de Braiose¹

M, #2669, b. circa 1144, d. 9 August 1211

Father*

William de Braiose^2,3,4 b. c 1112, d. a 1179

Mother*

Bertha of Hereford^2,4 b. 1123

Marriage*

Principal=Maud St. Valery "Lady of La Haie"^1,2,5

Birth*

circa 1144

Bramber, Sussex, England²

Death*

9 August 1211

Corbeil, near Paris, France^2,6,5

Burial*

10 August 1211

St. Victor's Abbey, Paris, France, His funeral was conducted by Stephen Langton^2,7

Biography*

He was a powerful lord during the reigns of Henry II and Richard I. Richard granted to him the whole kingdom of Limeric, Ireland, for 60 Kt. fees.

In 10 John, the King demanded hostages from his barons, fearing that the Pope, who had England under interdict, would free the barons from obedience to the crown.

Maud, wife of John Braose, informed John's officers that she would not trust any of her children to the man who recently murdered his nephew (Prince Arthur).

William rebuked his wife and apologized, offering to make any satisfaction to the king short of delivering up hostages.

Accounts vary as to what happened next, whether William and his wife attempted or succeeded in fleeing to Ireland, but Maud and son William were captured, imprisoned at Windsor and starved to death.

William fled to France where he held an inheritance.⁸

DNB*

Briouze [Braose], William (III) de (d. 1211), magnate, was a landholder of the Welsh and Irish marches, whose friendship with King John won him rich rewards, but whose dramatic fall from favour and relentless pursuit by John contributed to baronial distrust and fear of the king.
Norman origins
The name derives from Briouze-St Gervais, near Argentin, where William held his ancestors' three fees until the loss of Normandy in 1203–4. William (III) was the son of William (II) de Briouze and Bertha, daughter and coheir of Miles of Gloucester, earl of Hereford (d. 1143). William the Conqueror had granted the castle and rape of Bramber, Sussex, to William (III)'s great-grandfather, whose son Philip de Briouze (d. 1134×55) took the Welsh lordships of Radnor and Builth before the end of the eleventh century; Philip also acquired a claim to the baronies of Totnes and Barnstaple, Devon, through his marriage to Aenor, daughter of Juhel of Totnes. Philip's son, William (II) de Briouze (d. 1192/3), held in addition to his patrimony the lordship of half of Barnstaple, acquired through his mother, coheir to the barony. In 1158 he had offered the king a fine of 1000 marks for twenty-eight knights' fees as his mother's share of her inheritance, and when he died he still owed £430. William (II)'s marriage brought him the lordships of Brecon and Abergavenny on the southern Welsh marches as his wife's share after the deaths of her two brothers. William (II) de Briouze concentrated his energies on his Welsh marcher lands, serving Henry II as sheriff of Herefordshire, 1173–5. The marriage of his daughter Sibyl to William de Ferrers, earl of Derby (d. 1190), indicates the status that the Briouze family enjoyed.

William (III) de Briouze married Matilda (d. 1210), the daughter of Bernard de St Valéry, lord of Beckley, Oxfordshire. He continued to add to his family's holdings until he held as fiefs or custodies 325 knights' fees and sixteen castles in England, Wales, and Ireland, reaping a yearly income of over £800. He lacked only the title of earl to denote his ranking among the greatest magnates. By 1194 he had gained the barony of Kington, Herefordshire, which Adam de Port had forfeited to the crown in 1171. Port had offered a £200 fine, never paid, to regain his lands, and somehow the barony's twenty-two or twenty-three knights' fees passed into Briouze's hands. Meanwhile another Adam of Port (d. 1213), baron of Basing, Hampshire, who also traced his ancestry to the Domesday lord of Kington, married Sibyl, widow of the earl of Derby, and apparently an arrangement was made whereby he would hold a portion of Kington as a fief of his wife's brother William. In 1195 Briouze made an agreement with Oliver de Tracy, who had a claim to the barony of Barnstaple through his mother, sister of Briouze's grandmother Aenor. Tracy acknowledged Briouze as lord of Barnstaple, and he held his half as Briouze's tenant, receiving in return for his agreement an annual payment of £20. Briouze also enjoyed temporary custodies; as early as 1190, before his father's death, he offered 1000 marks for custody of the land and heir of Gilbert of Monmouth, who came of age in 1205.
Servant to Richard I and King John
Briouze's career in the king's service began under Richard I; he served as sheriff of Herefordshire almost continuously from 1191, when he replaced Henry de Longchamp, brother of the fallen chancellor, until removed by King John in October 1200; and he participated in the general eyre of 1194/5, sitting as a justice in Staffordshire. Throughout Richard's reign he was active in defending and extending England's frontier against the Welsh. In 1190 a royal writ allowed him to spend over half his 1000 mark fine for custody of the barony of Monmouth, fortifying three castles at Carmarthen, Swansea, and Llawhaden against Welsh attack. In July 1198 the Welsh besieged him at Painscastle or Maud's Castle, lying to the south of Radnor and Builth, until he was rescued by Geoffrey fitz Peter, the justiciar, who routed the Welsh in battle on 13 August. During Richard I's reign Briouze served in the king's army in Normandy in 1194, and he was again with the king on the continent in the spring of 1199. He was at Châlus on 5 April 1199, the day before Richard received his fatal wound.

Briouze played an important part in winning John's acceptance over his nephew Arthur, count of Brittany, as heir to the kingdom of England; in John's early years he became an almost constant companion of the king, one of the most frequent witnesses to his charters. Briouze continued to play an important role in Welsh matters under John. He seems to have watched over Walter de Lacy's Welsh marcher barony, while Walter, his son-in-law, occupied in Ireland with his honour of Meath, looked out in turn for his father-in-law's Irish interests. In July 1207 Briouze took custody of the Lacy castle at Ludlow, Shropshire. John encouraged his expansion of territory in both Wales and Ireland as a counterbalance to William (I) Marshal's power in those regions, and he showered favours on him; for example, he named Briouze's second son bishop of Hereford in 1200. Under King John, Briouze continued to add to his holdings. In 1200 the king granted him all the lands that he could conquer from his Welsh enemies to increase the size of his barony of Radnor. Briouze continued to hold custodies under John, and in 1202 won wardship of the heir to the barony of Salwarpe, Shropshire, and to the Welsh marcher lordships of Glamorgan and Gower. The next year he took control of the barony of Great Torrington, Devon, and during the interdict he held two priories for the king. Also in 1203 the king granted Briouze additional Welsh territory, Gower with the castle of Swansea, and, in Herefordshire, the castle and manor of Kington. The following year John granted him the Surrey estates of Alan Trenchemer, a famous sea captain. In 1206 a lawsuit awarded him the barony of Totnes; the tenant, Henry de Nonant, recognized Briouze as his lord and held his part of it as a fief. William paid generously for this judgment: he offered the king £100 to have the case heard before him, also a gift of 300 cows, 30 bulls, and 10 horses for expediting the plea, and 700 marks ‘if it indeed should be won’ (Rotuli de oblatis et finibus, 45). The same year Briouze offered a fine of 800 marks plus a number of horses and hunting dogs for having the three Welsh castles at Grosmont, Skenfrith, and Whitecastle in Gwent, holding them by the service of two knights.

Under John, Briouze expanded his holdings into Ireland. Henry II had granted Philip de Briouze, his grandfather, the honour of Limerick, but Philip had never acted to take possession of it. In January 1201 John regranted Limerick to Briouze as a fee of sixty knights in exchange for an offering of 5000 marks payable at 500 marks annually; excluded from the grant were the city of Limerick and the fees of William de Burgh. Later, however, Briouze received custody of the city of Limerick as well, holding it at a farm of 100 marks.
King John's confidence lost
In September 1202 the king forgave all debts that William (II) de Briouze had owed to Henry II and that Briouze himself owed to Richard I; the following spring Briouze was forgiven a £50 debt to Jewish moneylenders, and in 1204 the king pardoned him of £825 owed for his son's marriage to a coheir of the Limesy barony. None the less he continued to accumulate new debts, most notably his fine of 500 marks for Limerick; and like most barons, he made little attempt to pay off his promises made to the king for favours. In 1210 he still owed £2865 of his fine for Limerick and £350 for three Welsh castles, plus such assorted debts as several years' farm from the city of Limerick. These large crown debts made him vulnerable, should the king decide to demand full payment, subjecting him to the law of the exchequer: once John viewed Briouze as an over-mighty subject whose power posed a threat to royal authority, his debts could provide the means for bringing him to heel. Meiler fitz Henry, justiciar in Ireland until 1208, was encouraging the king's suspicion of Briouze.

The king evidently had a reason beyond debt collection for his mounting distrust of Briouze, however, and that was the latter's knowledge of circumstances surrounding the death of the king's nephew, Arthur of Brittany, his rival for the Angevin inheritance. When Briouze's wife, Matilda, made an indiscreet statement about John's murder of young Arthur in 1208 and refused to hand over her eldest son to the king as a hostage out of fear for his life, John could no longer trust in her husband's silence. Briouze was almost certainly with John at Rouen at the time of Arthur's disappearance from the Tower in early April 1203, and he may even have encouraged John to end the boy's life. Two sources for young Arthur's death, the annals of Margam Abbey in Glamorgan and the Philippide of Guillaume le Breton, reflect information supplied to the authors by Briouze; he had close ties to Margam Abbey, and its annals supply the fullest account of any chronicle of Arthur's death. Whatever the king's motive, he began to move toward Briouze's destruction in 1208, and in 1212 he released a letter, addressed ‘to all who may read it’, describing and justifying his actions. This royal statement, attested by a dozen great men, sought to present the pursuit of Briouze and his family as within the letter of the law, as ‘according to the custom of England and the law of the exchequer’ (Rymer, Foedera, 1, i.107–8), because of his supposed resistance to paying in full his fine of 500 marks for Limerick and the farm of the city of Limerick. It claimed that Briouze had unlawfully removed chattels from his lands in England before they could be distrained for debt. Also, as part of the royal harassment of the family, Briouze's eldest son was amerced 300 marks for forest offences in 1208. In the spring Briouze's wife and other relatives asked the king for a meeting; they met at Hereford, where William surrendered his marcher castles of Hay, Brecon, and Radnor, mortgaged his English lands, and surrendered hostages. The king's letter claimed that once the castles were in royal hands, Briouze and two of his sons attacked them and, failing to take them, carried the warfare into Herefordshire, burning half the town of Leominster. Some time during the summer Briouze was summoned to court, but excused himself on account of illness.
Arrests and death
Once the Briouzes turned to violence their fate was sealed, and John ordered the family's arrest. Briouze, his wife, and two of their sons—William (IV) and Reginald—fled to Ireland. Soon after proclamation of the interdict on England in the spring of 1208, a third son, Giles, bishop of Hereford, left the kingdom for France. Early in 1209 Briouze took refuge with William Marshal, whose quarrel with King John had led him to retire to his Irish honour of Leinster. When the Irish justiciar commanded that Briouze be surrendered to him, the Marshal disingenuously declared that he had merely given shelter to ‘his lord’ (Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal, 2.147), knowing nothing of the king's quarrel with Briouze. After three weeks, he escorted his visitors to their kinsmen, Walter de Lacy and his brother Hugh, in Meath. According to John's letter Hugh de Lacy promised that William de Briouze would make satisfaction to the king, and that if he did not, then he would no longer give him refuge in Ireland. Briouze then went to John in Wales, where the king was gathering forces for his invasion of Ireland. Sheltering of the fugitive William de Briouze by the Anglo-Norman lords in Ireland had been a major factor in John's preparation of his Irish expedition for the summer of 1210. Briouze offered 40,000 marks for the king's goodwill, but John refused the fine unless his wife, Matilda de St Valéry, was turned over to him. In a two-month campaign the king crushed most of his Anglo-Norman opposition in Ireland. He expropriated William de Briouze's lands and those of the Lacy brothers for having sheltered him; he did not seize the property of William Marshal, who had also given refuge to Briouze, but demanded hostages from him. Matilda and William (IV) de Briouze, her eldest son, fled from Carrickfergus Castle in Ulster to Scotland in company with the Lacys; there they fell into the hands of a Scottish lord, Duncan of Carrick, who handed them over to the English king. Matilda renewed her husband's offer to John of 40,000 marks, and in September 1210 William met the king at Bristol, where he accepted the arrangement. No baron could possibly have raised such a huge fine, and when Matilda admitted that she and her husband could not pay, John proceeded to have William outlawed by the ancient process in the county court. William de Briouze fled to France to join his son Giles, already in exile there; it was probably then that the French court learned the details of Arthur of Brittany's death.

Briouze died at Corbeil outside Paris on 4 September 1211, and was buried in the abbey of St Victoire at Paris. Stephen Langton, in the city awaiting settlement of the Canterbury succession crisis, is said to have assisted at the funeral. John had had Briouze's wife and eldest son imprisoned at either Windsor or Corfe Castle, where they were deliberately starved to death, dying before the end of 1210. John's hounding of this family exposed his cruelty to the English barons, and his equating the harsh law of the exchequer with English custom heightened their fears of his arbitrary rule.
Children and decline of the Briouzes
William de Briouze and his wife, Matilda, had at least four sons and five daughters. William (IV), their eldest son, died in 1210 imprisoned with his mother. He had married Matilda, daughter of Richard de Clare, earl of Hertford, and they had four sons, who remained imprisoned in Corfe Castle until 1218. Briouze's second son, Giles de Briouze, was elected bishop of Hereford in September 1200 and died in November 1215. During the baronial rebellion against King John, he and his younger brother Reginald allied with the prince of north Wales, Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, in order to recover their family's lost lands. Giles was reconciled with King John shortly before his death, however, and on 21 October 1215 the king granted him his father's confiscated lands in return for a fine of an unspecified amount. Giles's death the next month left Briouze's third son, Reginald (d. 1227/8), as head of the family; he had gained possession of his father's lands by May 1216. He married first Graecia, daughter of William Brewer, a powerful figure in south-western England and one of John's closest counsellors; his second marriage was in 1215 to Gwladus, daughter of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, cementing his alliance with the Welsh leader. In 1219 Reginald was sued by the widow of William (IV) de Briouze and her eldest son, John, recently freed from prison. John had gained possession of Bramber and some minor Briouze holdings, and he was seeking the family's possessions on the Welsh marches, but Reginald held on to all of them except Gower. A fourth son of William (III) de Briouze and Matilda de St Valéry, John, married Mabel de Limesy, widow of Hugh Bardolf and coheir to the barony of Cavendish, Suffolk; his father offered the king £1000 in 1203 for the marriage. Briouze married two of his daughters to other Welsh marcher lords. Margaret married Walter de Lacy, lord of Weobley, Herefordshire, and of Meath, Ireland, and Annora married Hugh (III) de Mortimer, baron of Wigmore, Herefordshire. A third daughter, Matilda or Maud, married Gruffudd ap Rhys (d. 1201), the son of the Lord Rhys of Deheubarth, while Loretta de Briouze married Robert de Breteuil, fourth earl of Leicester. In 1210 Annora was taken prisoner with her mother and eldest brother, but King John ordered her release on 27 October 1214 at the request of the papal legate. Possibly John felt some remorse for his harrying of the Briouzes, for a few days before his death, he authorized Margaret to found a religious house for the souls of her father, mother, and brother. The Briouze name faded from history in the early 1230s. William (V) de Briouze, son of Reginald, was hanged by Prince Llywelyn in 1230, leaving four daughters as coheirs, and John, son of William (IV), died without heirs in 1232.

Ralph V. Turner
Sources

Chancery records · Pipe rolls · Chronica magistri Rogeri de Hovedene, ed. W. Stubbs, 4 vols., Rolls Series, 51 (1868–71) · Ann. mon., vol. 1 · Rogeri de Wendover liber qui dicitur flores historiarum, ed. H. G. Hewlett, 3 vols., Rolls Series, [84] (1886–9) · H. S. Sweetman and G. F. Handcock, eds., Calendar of documents relating to Ireland, 5 vols., PRO (1875–86), vol. 1 · D. Walker, Medieval Wales (1990) · GEC, Peerage · I. J. Sanders, English baronies: a study of their origin and descent, 1086–1327 (1960) · I. W. Rowlands, ‘William de Braose and the lordship of Brecon’, BBCS, 30 (1982–3), 122–33 · P. Meyer, ed., L'histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal, 3 vols. (Paris, 1891–1901) · Rymer, Foedera · T. D. Hardy, ed., Rotuli de oblatis et finibus, RC (1835) · F. M. Powicke, ‘Loretta, countess of Leicester’, Historical essays in honour of James Tait, ed. J. G. Edwards, V. H. Galbraith, and E. F. Jacob (1933), 247–72
© Oxford University Press 2004–5
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Ralph V. Turner, ‘Briouze , William (III) de (d. 1211)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/3283, accessed 24 Sept 2005]

William (III) de Briouze (d. 1211): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/3283⁹

Event-Misc

1180

He had livery of his father's lands⁷

Occupation*

between 1192 and 1199

Sheriff of Hereford¹⁰

Event-Misc

1199

Chalus, He was with King Richard⁷

Event-Misc

1202

Mirebeau, He captured Arthur of Brittany for King John⁷

Event-Misc*

23 October 1202

Custody of the lands and castles of Waleran de Newburgh was granted to William de Braiose, Principal=Sir Waleran de Newburgh¹¹

Event-Misc

1205

His relationship with King John soured. Prior to this, he had been a favorite of the King, who arranged lucrative marriages for his children and rewarded him with many lands and castles.⁷

Event-Misc

1208

King John demanded his sons as hostages and his wife refused to surrender them, claiming that John had murdered Arthur of Brittany. William may have had personal knowledge that John had killed his nephew in a drunken rage at Rouen in 1203⁷

Event-Misc

1209

He fled with his family to Ireland⁷

Event-Misc

1210

His wife and son William were captured by the King and starved to death. This caused resentment among the barons who felt John had gone too far. His lands were awarded to his brother-in-law, Peter FitzHerbert⁷

Family

Maud St. Valery "Lady of La Haie" b. c 1148, d. 1210

Children

William Braose+² d. 1210
Loretta de Braose^8,12
Sir John de Braiose⁸
Giles de Braiose⁸ d. 13 Nov 1215
Joan de Braiose⁸
Eleanor de Braose¹³
Maud de Braose⁸ b. s 1169, d. 29 Dec 1210
Reginald de Braose+^2,6,5,14 b. c 1171, d. bt 5 May 1227 - 9 Jun 1228
Margaret de Braiose+^1,2 b. c 1177, d. 19 Nov 1200

Last Edited

24 Sep 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-29.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 177-6.
[S232] Don Charles Stone, Ancient and Medieval Descents, 21-7.
[S232] Don Charles Stone, Ancient and Medieval Descents, 21-8.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 177-7.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 40.
[S342] Sir Bernard Burke, Extinct Peerages, p. 72.
[S376] Unknown editor, unknown short title.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 177A-6.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 180.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 19.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 41.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Mortimer 5.

Maud St. Valery "Lady of La Haie"¹

F, #2670, b. circa 1148, d. 1210

Father*

Reginald de St. Valery² d. 1166

Maud St. Valery "Lady of La Haie"|b. c 1148\nd. 1210|p89.htm#i2670|Reginald de St. Valery|d. 1166|p142.htm#i4234||||Guy d. St. Valery|d. 1141|p142.htm#i4247|Albreda St. Valery||p142.htm#i4248|||||||

Marriage*

Principal=William de Braiose^1,2,3

Birth*

circa 1148

Death*

1210

Windsor, England, murdered by King John, who had her walled up alive in her castle walls with her young son William^2,4,3

Family

William de Braiose b. c 1144, d. 9 Aug 1211

Children

William Braose+² d. 1210
Loretta de Braose⁵
Sir John de Braiose⁵
Giles de Braiose⁵ d. 13 Nov 1215
Joan de Braiose⁵
Eleanor de Braose⁶
Maud de Braose⁵ b. s 1169, d. 29 Dec 1210
Reginald de Braose+^2,3,7 b. c 1171, d. bt 5 May 1227 - 9 Jun 1228
Margaret de Braiose+^1,2 b. c 1177, d. 19 Nov 1200

Last Edited

15 May 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 70-29.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S232] Don Charles Stone, Ancient and Medieval Descents, 21-8.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 177-7.
[S342] Sir Bernard Burke, Extinct Peerages, p. 72.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 41.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Mortimer 5.

Person Page - 89

John FitzGilbert (?)1

Family 1

Family 2

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Sybil de Salisbury1

Family

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Walter of Salisbury1

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Sir William Marshal1

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Gervase Paynel1

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Sir Edward le Despenser K.G., M.P.1

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Elizabeth de Burghersh1

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Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh K.G.1

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Cicely de Weyland1

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Sir Richard de Weyland1

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Elizabeth de Verdun1

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Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh1

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Sir Robert Burghersh1

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Maud de Badlesmere1

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Guncelin de Badlesmere1

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Sir Theobald de Verdun1,2

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Family 2

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Maud de Mortimer1

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Sir Edmund de Mortimer1

Family

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Maud de Fiennes1

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Sir Theobald de Verdun1

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Margery de Bohun1

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Margaret de Lacy of Dulek1

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Sir John de Verdun1,2

Family 1

Family 2

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Rohese de Verdun1

Family

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Theobald Butler1,2

Family 1

Family 2

Citations

John FitzGilbert (?)¹

Sybil de Salisbury¹

Walter of Salisbury¹

Sir William Marshal¹

Gervase Paynel¹

Sir Edward le Despenser K.G., M.P.¹

Elizabeth de Burghersh¹

Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh K.G.¹

Cicely de Weyland¹

Sir Richard de Weyland¹

Elizabeth de Verdun¹

Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh¹

Sir Robert Burghersh¹

Maud de Badlesmere¹

Guncelin de Badlesmere¹

Sir Theobald de Verdun^1,2

Maud de Mortimer¹

Sir Edmund de Mortimer¹

Maud de Fiennes¹

Sir Theobald de Verdun¹

Margery de Bohun¹

Margaret de Lacy of Dulek¹

Sir John de Verdun^1,2

Rohese de Verdun¹

Theobald Butler^1,2

Gilbert de Lacy¹

Walter de Lacy¹

Margaret de Braiose¹

William de Braiose¹

Maud St. Valery "Lady of La Haie"¹